Ishaq ibn Muhammad ibn Ghaniya

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Ishaq ibn Muhammad ibn Ghaniya , Arabic إسحاق بن محمد بن غانية, DMG isḥāq ibn muḥammad ibn ġānīya , was Wālī in the Taifa of Mallorca from 1155 to 1184 .

ancestry

Family tree of the Ghaniyid rulers

Ishaq ibn Muhammad ibn Ganiya belonged to the Ghaniyid dynasty and was a son of Muhammad ibn Yusuf ibn Ganiya , emir in the Taifa of Mallorca. Ishaq had an astonishing number of thirteen sons:

Life

Ishaq ibn Muhammad ibn Yusuf had already been appointed Wālī in Carmona in 1145 , but then went to Mallorca due to the decline of the Almoravid Empire . There he got rid of his father and brother, the heir to the throne, Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn Ghaniya , in a palace revolution in 1155 , and ascended the throne himself.

During Ishaq's reign as Wālī in Mallorca, the Balearic Islands became a center for trade, naval warfare and piracy. All of this brought considerable prosperity to the population and large numbers of prisoners and refugees came to the islands.

The Saracens of Mallorca committed many horrific robberies in the western Mediterranean. By far the worst incident was undoubtedly the attack on Toulon in 1178, which Ishaq himself commanded. Toulon was conquered and many prisoners were taken to Mallorca. Among the prisoners was the Vice Count of Marseilles .

10th century hammam in Medina Mayurqa

On the one hand, Ishaq maintained diplomatic relations with the Italian city republics. For example, in 1171, 1173 and 1174 he signed treaties with the Republic of Pisa and in 1181 with the Republic of Genoa . A treaty was signed on June 1, 1184 for members of the Republic of Lucca . The treaties of 1181 and 1184 in particular were rather superficial and contained essentially two sections - a non-aggression agreement and assistance and protection for the shipwrecked. In return, the Italians were allowed to build a Christian church in Madina Mayurqa (now Palma de Mallorca ). On the other hand, Ishaq endeavored to pursue a conciliatory policy towards the Almohads and, contrary to the opinion of his advisors, sent them shares in his war booty. It is possible that he had even signaled his willingness to submit to the Almohad caliph Abu Yaqub Yusuf I , who passed away a few months before his own death.

Ishaq died in 580 according to the Hijra ( Islamic calendar ) or in 1184 on a sea venture. It appears that his death led to a revolt of Christian prisoners who seized his palace. A landing of Christians on the island may also have been planned. Ishaq was followed by his already grown son Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Ghaniya as Muhammad II. Nevertheless, Ishaq's death opened a confused chapter (palace intrigues and frequent changes of rulers) in the history of the Taifa of Mallorca, which lasted until 1187.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Rovira i Virgili, Antoni: Història de Catalunya . t. IV, p. 507-509 .
  2. ↑ Boletin de la Real Academia de la Historia: El altar mayor de la Catedral d Mallorca . TOMO CLXXIII, NUMERO I, 1976, p. 45 .
predecessor Office successor
Muhammad ibn Yusuf ibn Ghaniya Wālī of Mallorca
1155–1184 		Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Ghaniya
personal data
SURNAME Ishaq ibn Muhammad ibn Ghaniya
ALTERNATIVE NAMES إسحاق بن محمد بن غانية (Arabic)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Wālī of Mallorca
DATE OF BIRTH 12th Century
DATE OF DEATH 1184
Place of death Taifa of Mallorca