Alexandria Jewish Community
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The Alexandria Jewish Community has existed since ancient times. This community was destroyed as part of the pogroms in Cairo , the Suez crisis and during the Six Day War.
history
In the 1920s, 30,000 Jews of various nationalities immigrated to Alexandria , which still benefited from the surrender system dating from the Ottoman era . Accordingly, the immigrant Jews were allowed to retain their original nationality and thus enjoyed the political protection of their home countries. A “social and economic elite formation of the Jewish Alexandrians” developed increasingly . The Sephardim , in particular, were able to improve the financial and economic life of Alexandria with the establishment of banks and companies. The Sephardic Jews of Alexandria came from Egypt , the then Ottoman Empire, and Italy . The families de Menasces , Suares , Goari and Rolo belonged to the financially strong upper class of the time.
In 1945 a company law was passed stating that 75% of all employees in a company had to be Egyptians (90% of the workers in a factory) and that 51% of the capital had to belong to an Egyptian. As a result, many lost their fortunes. In 1948 the pan-Arab movement developed in Egypt , which worsened the living conditions for the ethnic minorities in Egypt. Militant youth movements and Islamic fundamentalist groups formed the first anti-Jewish riots in Alexandria. As part of "Operation Kadesh" in October 1956, 50,000 Jews left the city. In 1961/62 Zionism was described as a "criminal movement". Nasser initiated his “socialist course” with nationalization and nationalism enactments, whereby many lost their fortunes.
The last Jews emigrated from Alexandria in 1970.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d http://www.goethe.de/ins/eg/kai/uun/50j/hau/de3642651.htm
- ↑ John F. Oppenheimer (Red.) And a .: Lexicon of Judaism. 2nd Edition. Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag, Gütersloh u. a. 1971, ISBN 3-570-05964-2 , col. 36.