Trutnov Jewish Community
The Jewish community in Trutnov (German Trautenau ), a Czech town in northeastern Bohemia , was founded in the 19th century and was destroyed by the National Socialists .
history
The existence of Jews in Trautenau is first recorded in 1523. The city council, however, refused permanent residency rights; it was only interested in Jewish traders visiting the markets in Trautenau.
After the anti-Jewish regulations were relaxed, Jews moved to Trautenau from the 1850s / 60s. Most of them came from the rural Jewish communities in the area.
In the early 1870s, the Jewish community owned a cemetery and the synagogue was inaugurated in September 1885.
The Zionist movement had many supporters in Trautenau . Numerous young Jews had come together in the "Jewish People's Association Theodor Herzl".
Most Jews professed to be German: They spoke German and the majority of their children were sent to German schools.
time of the nationalsocialism
After the political situation came to a head in the summer / autumn of 1938 and the Munich Agreement threatened annexation to the German Reich , many Jews from Trautenau fled to nearby Czech cities. When the German Wehrmacht marched into the Sudetenland in 1938 , the Jews who stayed behind were exposed to reprisals from the National Socialists. The Jews tried to emigrate to Palestine or overseas.
In the pogrom night of 9/10 November 1938 , Sudeten German SA members burned down the synagogue building. The next day the Jewish men were arrested and taken to Sachsenhausen concentration camp .
The Jewish cemetery was destroyed during the war years.
94 Jews from Trautenau were murdered in the concentration camps.
Community development
| year | Jews |
|---|---|
| around 1545 | 2 families |
| 1849 | 2 families |
| 1873 | 192 people |
| 1880 | 280 people |
| 1910 | 478 people (3.4% of the population) |
| 1921 | 397 people |
| 1930 | 369 people (2.3% of the population) |
| 1943 | no |
| 1948 | about 120 people |
After the end of the Second World War , returning Jews from Trautenau and Eastern European Jews founded a new Jewish community . However, their number quickly decreased as a result of political pressure from the communist system.
See also
literature
- Klaus-Dieter Alicke: Lexicon of the Jewish communities in the German-speaking area. Volume 3: Ochtrup - Zwittau. Gütersloher Verlagshaus, Gütersloh 2008, ISBN 978-3-579-08079-6 ( online version ).
