Japanese decimal classification
The Japanese decimal classification ( Japanese 日本 十 進 分類 法 , Nihon Jisshin Bunruihō , English Nippon Decimal Classification , short: NDC) is used by most Japanese libraries for the classification of their holdings. Japanese publishers also use the NDC as part of their classification, which they display next to the standard international book number (ISBN) on the spine of the book.
history
The decimal classification widespread in the West also found supporters in Japan. In 1927 librarians in Osaka formed a “League of Young Librarians” and published a small magazine. The driving force was Fujio Mamiya (1890–1970), who ran a library equipment shop and led the group for the next 16 years. Soon after the founding of the league, which was abbreviated to “LYL” (“League of Young Librarians”), at Mamiya's suggestion, his colleague Kiyoshi Mori dealt with a decimal classification for common use for Western and Japanese books, which he published in 1927 and the appeared as a book in 1929 under the title given above. The NDC is based on the Dewey decimal classification , but has adapted the classification to Japanese needs. This classification received widespread attention in Japan, and after World War II it was recommended for libraries by the Ministry of Culture and established itself as the national standard.
In 1948 the Japan Library Association (JLA) set up a permanent classification committee that has been revising the NDC ever since. The National Diet Library (NDL), which functions as the state library, only used the NDC to classify its Japanese and Chinese holdings until 1968, when it switched to its own standard. However, the NDC is still listed on the catalog cards that the NDL prints for other libraries.
The NDC follows Charles Cutter's expansive classification in its division of the main groups , because in this way the areas 400 and 800 (language or literature) and 300 and 900 (social science and history), which were removed from the DDC , could be consecutive. Further differences result from the fact that the NDC was created a quarter of a century after the first version of Cutters and that the natural sciences were given greater consideration in the subdivision. Finally, the intended application of the NDC required not only foreign but also Japanese works to reclassify the Japan-related terms in order to do justice to publications appearing in Japan. So z. For example, in the religion class, in which Dewey focuses on Christianity, Shinto and Buddhism are on the same level alongside this. In the field of linguistics and literature, the Japanese and Chinese languages are ranked on the same level as English, German, French, Spanish, Italian and Russian.
Japanese book code
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| 1. Group of buyers | 2. shape | 3. Main category (NDC) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | Generality | Single work | General |
| 1 | Upbringing / education | Paperback, small | Philosophy, religion, spirit |
| 2 | practice | Paperback | History geography |
| 3 | Specialties | Collected works, series | Social science |
| 4th | Tested school books | "Mook" u. a. | natural Science |
| 5 | Women | Reference works, encyclopedias | technology |
| 6th | Student I (elementary and intermediate level) | Illustrated works | economy |
| 7th | Student II (upper level) | Illustrated books | Arts, everyday life |
| 8th | children | Mixed forms, braille, microforms | languages |
| 9 | Magazine reader | comics | literature |
The Japanese "book code" ( 書籍 コ ー ド , Shoseki kōdo ) is composed of a C code, a space, the characters P or ¥, which indicate whether the price is priced with or without VAT, and an E as the end symbol. Later the book code was combined with the JAN code to form the "book JAN code" ( 書籍 JAN コ ー ド Shoseki JAN kōdo ), the Japanese equivalent of EAN , i.e. H. for books an ISBN-13 .
The “book JAN code” is also available as a machine-readable bar code , whereby the bar “book code” begins with 191 or 192, as an equivalent to P or ¥, then the four digits of the C code, five digits for the price and a check digit .
The C code used by the publishers has four digits and begins with a C.
- The first digit indicates the group of buyers.
- The second digit indicates the form of the output.
- The third digit roughly classifies the book according to its content. This is based on the NDC, whereby the main categories have been supplemented somewhat (in italics in the table).
- The fourth digit indicates a sub-category which, however, differs significantly from that of the NDC in order to be able to cover the terms more evenly according to the number of titles.
In the example opposite, we have a book whose C-Code 0192 shows that it is aimed at the general public (0), was published as a small paperback (1) and contains literary content (9), more precisely Japanese poems (2). (It is in this example the total output of the haiku of Bashō .)
Bookstores use the code to arrange the books on the shelves.
Remarks
- ↑ C コ ー ド 分類 明細表 . (No longer available online.) Hanmoto.com, archived from the original on December 7, 2012 ; Retrieved December 18, 2012 (Japanese). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ portmanteau of M agazine and B ook . These are large-format, richly illustrated printed products
- ↑ The yen symbol used by publishers occasionally only has a crossbar.
Web links
- Japanese Decimal Classification, current 9th edition (Japanese)
- C code (Japanese)
- C code (Japanese)
literature
- Japan Library Association (Ed.): JLA Librarian's Handbook. (図 書館 ハ ン ド ブ ッ ク) 5th edition. 1990.