Yevsekziya

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Evsekzija (Russian abbreviation for Jewrejskaja Sekzija , Russian Евсекция, Еврейская секция . German Jewish Department ) was the Jewish section of the Communist Party of Russia, organized in 1918 and existing until 1930 .

In February 1918, Semen Dimanstejn became head of the Commissariat for Jewish National Affairs ; At the beginning of July 1918, the representatives of the non-communist parties were expelled from the Jewish commissariat and communist sections (called Evsekzija in Russian ) were created within the framework . In October, the establishment of the "Yevsekzija" followed, as a national section for Jewish affairs. The main purpose of the national sections was to “promote Bolshevik agitation and propaganda against certain national cultures - such as B. the Jewish - to adapt. "

Under the leadership of the Jewsekzija , the Jewish section of the Communist Party, and its regional organizations, the Jewsekzii , war was declared on the Jewish religion from 1918; The Hebrew language was banned in 1919, and Yiddish (as the language of the masses) continued to be tolerated, "but under the premise that it should not have an independent national meaning". “Their task was to integrate the Jewish population in such a way that they could be politically Bolshevized and socially Sovietized. The Jews should no longer see themselves as part of world Jewry , but as part of the Soviet peoples . ”In the Yevsekziya , however, there was disagreement over the question“ whether (especially in view of the ban on socialist and Zionist Jewish organizations after 1921) instead should spread Yiddish secular education or fight Jewish culture and religion as such. "

In 1920 the Jewsekzija began to organize a campaign against the barely existing Jewish bourgeoisie and the rabbis ; As a result, synagogues were looted, closed “and converted into the germinal centers of socialist culture.” Zionism was declared a dangerous and subversive doctrine and, according to Isaac Deutscher, was most vehemently opposed by the Jewish communists in Yevsekzija. A show trial , which the Yevsekziya had been working towards in 1920, was not approved by the CP Central Committee. Since the mid-1920s, Jewish agricultural cooperatives were founded with the support of Yevsekzija . The leaders of Yevsekzija were arrested during the great Stalinist purges from 1936 to 1938, sent to concentration camps or sentenced to death by shooting.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Tamar Manor-Fridman: Workers and Revolutionaries: The Jewish Labor Movement . Dölling and Galitz Verlag, 1998.
  2. ↑ N ° 4/5 (summer 1991): The logic of anti-Semitism .
  3. ↑ a b Hasidism, ed. by Susanne Talabardon, p. 245.
  4. ↑ Yiddish sources, edited by Rebekka Denz p. 11.
  5. ↑ a b Sonja Margolina The End of Lies. Russia and the Jews in the 20th Century. Siedler, Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-88680-449-6 , p. 77 ff.
  6. ↑ Ludger Syré: Isaac Deutscher. Marxist, publicist, historian: His life and work 1907-1967 : Junius Verlag GmbH, 1984
  7. ^ Matthias Messmer: The Jewish question in the Soviet Union: ideological conditions and political reality, 1953-1985 . Hartung-Gorre Verlag, 1992