John Caesar
John Black Caesar , or Black Caesar for short , (* 1763 , presumably Madagascar ; † February 15, 1796 , Strathfield , New South Wales in Australia ) was the first black African convict who was deported with the First Fleet to the convict colony of Australia . He is also the first bushranger to go down in Australian history.
John Caesar served as a servant in the parish of St. Paul in Deptford , England , in 1786 . He was sentenced to seven years in prison for a £ 12 theft. First he was incarcerated on the prison ship Ceres and later transported out of the country. On January 26, 1788 he arrived on the Alexander , one of the English convict transport ships of the First Fleet in the newly established convict colony of Australia in Port Jackson .
In the colony he was initially considered to be a strong, gripping and obedient convict. On April 29, 1789, John Caesar was sentenced again to life deportation for theft. Two weeks later he stole weapons and fled into the rough terrain around Port Jackson. He was caught on June 6, 1789 and had to work in chains. Later, however, the chains were removed from him. On December 22, 1789, he stole a gun and a canoe and fled again. This escape came to an end on January 31, 1790, when he surrendered after being wounded by an Aboriginal spear .
On March 4, 1790, he was transported on the HMS Supply to Norfolk Island , where another convict colony was to be founded. There he applied for exemption from punishment. On July 1, 1791, he settled near Queensborough . He received support from the colonial administration and was given 0.4 hectares of land. He should now work three days a week. He had a daughter with Ann (e) Power, who arrived at the convict colony on the Lady Juliana , a notorious Second Fleet ship , in 1790. She was born on March 4, 1792. 12 months later, John Caesar left his wife and daughter and returned to Port Jackson. There he fled again in July 1794 and was arrested shortly afterwards. At the end of his detention, he announced that he would not get better.
In the late 1795s he was involved in the punitive expedition against the Aboriginal Pemulwuy , the leader of the Daruk uprising . Pemulwuy fought against the English occupation of their ancestral land.
In December 1795 Caesar fled again and became the first Australian bush ranger . He led a group of escaped inmates in the Port Jackson area who wandered around and moved outside colonial laws. On January 29, 1796, Governor John Hunter offered a price on his capture. On February 15, 1796, John Wimbow shot him dead on the Liberty Plains (now Strathfield ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Queensborough - Australien / Link zu geographic.org - Geographical name data for Queensborough in Australia ”
- ↑ Chris Cunneen, Mollie Gillen : Caesar, John Black (1763–1796) , on adb.edu.au. Retrieved June 24, 2016
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Caesar, John |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Caesar, Black |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | English prisoner |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1763 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Madagascar |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 15, 1796 |
| Place of death | Strathfield , New South Wales , Australia |