Justiciar of Ireland

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The Justiciar of Ireland , also Chief Justiciar of Ireland , was the title of English Governor of the Lordship of Ireland from the late 12th century to the mid-14th century . In England , the Justiciar was the head of royal administration from the reign of King Henry II until 1234. When the king was out of the country, for example in his possessions in France, the justiciar also exercised the office of regent. When King Henry II traveled to Ireland after the beginning of the Anglo-Norman conquest , he appointed Hugh de Lacy as the first Jucistiar of Ireland before leaving .

The Justiciar of Ireland was also head of administration, military commander and judge. Initially the office was exercised by Anglo-Irish nobles and sometimes by clergy, but from the middle of the 13th century mainly by English knights, who often came from the royal household. As a rule, the justiciar was forbidden to hold other high offices parallel to his office. As a result, from the late 13th century onwards, he received an annual salary of £ 500, which the Treasurer of Ireland paid him. With this money the justiciar had to pay his own, numerically small troops, in addition he sat before the court, which resembled the English King's Bench . Except in times of need, when a governor could be elected by the Irish Council , the Justiciar was appointed by the English King, who could intervene in the Justiciar's administration at any time. From the 14th century, the powers of the Justiciars were increasingly restricted when the kings appointed noble King's Lieutenant . In the late Middle Ages, the office of justiciar was only filled after the replacement of the previous King's Lieutenant until the arrival of a new royal deputy.

See also

literature

  • Sean J. Connolly: The Oxford Companion to Irish History. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2007. ISBN 978-0-19-923483-7

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Seán Duffy: Medieval Ireland. To Encyclopedia . Routledge, London 2005. ISBN 1-135-94824-0 , p. 127
  2. ↑ Christine Kinealy: History of Ireland . Magnus, Essen 2004. ISBN 3-88400-418-2 , p. 59