Kasb

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With kasb ( Arabic كسب In Islamic theology , 'appropriation' is the term used to describe a concept for determining the relationship between human freedom and divine omnipotence , which goes back to Abū l-Hasan al-Aschʿarī (d. 935 in Baghdad; founder of the Aschʿarīya ). The doctrine of appropriation is based on the sole creator of God , ie all creation ( chalq ) is wrought by God, but made available to man. Man of action is so the respective work of God on.

“The doctrine of the“ appropriation of actions ”(kasb, iktisab) aims to determine the relationship between human action and deity and strike the right balance between the all-encompassing causality and predestination of God and human freedom. It says: every human act, like every event in the physical world, is determined by the eternal will of God. So man must accomplish it. The action is imposed on him by a higher power (cf. the teaching of the Stoa, which is identical in content). His freedom consists only in consenting to this act, 'accepting' it as it were. "

- Max Horten : The Philosophical Systems of Speculative Theologians in Islam, 1912, Reprint London, p. 524.

The Muʿtazila , another theological school, denies the sole creativeness of God and also ascribes a limited creative ability and free will to man. The kasb doctrine, on the other hand, is accused of seeing God as the creator of all evil. The Hanbali ultimately rely on the Qadar , the divine predestination.

literature

  • Michael Schwarz: The qāḍī ʿAbd al-Ǧabbār's refutation of the Ašʿarite doctrine of 'acquisition' (kasb) in Israel Oriental Studies 2 (1976), pp. 229-263.
  • Michael Schwarz: Acquisition (kasb) in early Kalam in Islamic Philosophy and the Classical Tradition. Essays presented by his friends and pupils to Richard Walzer on his Seventieth Birthday, ed. SM Stern, A. Hourani, pp. 373-377.
  • Ali Ghandour: The Freedom of God and Man. On the theory of kasb in Ashʿari theology. In: Yearbook for Islamic Theology and Religious Education Vol. 2, ed. v. Ahmad Milad, Khorchide, Mouhanad Karimi, Freiburg im Breisgau, 2014.
  • Binyamin Abrahamov: A re-examination of al-Ash'arī's theory of kasb according to Kitab al-Luma ‛. In: Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 121, 1989, pp. 210-221, doi : 10.1017 / S0035869X00109219 .

Web links

  • kasb on britannica.com