Max Horten

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Maximilian Joseph Heinrich Horten (born May 7, 1874 in Elberfeld , † July 2, 1945 in Dietingen ) was an important German orientalist . Horten was a library councilor and professor for oriental languages ​​in Bonn . He was the older brother of the clergymen Titus Maria and Timotheus Maria (civil Paul) Horten, as well as the uncle of the businessman Helmut Horten and the politician Alphons Horten .

Life

Horten studied theology, philosophy and oriental languages ​​in Freiburg in Üechtland from 1893 to 1898 . From 1898 to 1900 he traveled to the Orient, to Jerusalem , Egypt and Syria . He received his doctorate from the École biblique et archéologique française de Jérusalem in Jerusalem and the Université Saint-Joseph in Beirut . From 1900 to 1904 he studied philosophy and oriental languages ​​at the University of Bonn . In 1904 he received another doctorate, in 1906 the habilitation and the beginning of the activity as a private lecturer at the University of Bonn. From 1913 he was adjunct professor and from 1922 to 1929 adjunct professor in Bonn.

From 1929 to 1935 Horten was employed as a library councilor at the Wroclaw University Library . From 1930 to 1935 he also held a non-official extraordinary professorship at the University of Breslau . On May 1, 1933 , he joined the NSDAP ( membership number 1,871,595). In 1935 he was retired.

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With Joseph Müller , Friedrich Heinrich Dieterici , Ignaz Goldziher and TJ de Boer, Horten belonged to a generation of German Islamic scholars who attempted a fundamental systematic reappraisal of Arabic philosophy and theology. Horten has translated several of the most important texts of Arabic philosophy into German - mostly not in the sense of today's text-critical standards. Horten had Indian knowledge and various hypotheses regarding the influence of Indian thought on Arabic philosophy and theology, which are often viewed critically today. In particular, hoarding had assumed that Islamic mysticism ( tasawwuf ) was not of genuine but of Indian origin. As a Catholic theologian, he was also familiar with Latin scholasticism and, against this background, presented various studies on the relationship between faith and reason in Islam.

Fonts

  • Zeitschrift für Assyriologie 18 (1905), 257-300; 20: 16-48 (1907); 303-357; 28: 113-146 (1914).
  • The book of ring stones al-Farabis , Münster: Aschendorff 1906.
  • Avicenna's metaphysics : the book of the recovery of the soul, Leipzig 1907; Frankfurt am Main 1960
  • The philosophical views of Rázi and Tusi with an appendix. The Greek philosophers in the imaginary world of Rázi and Tusi, 1910
  • The philosophy of Abu Raschid (around 1068), translated from Arabic and explained by Max Horten, Bonn: Peter Hanstein 1910.
  • The philosophical systems of speculative theologians in Islam: based on original sources, Bonn: Cohen 1912.
  • The philosophy of enlightenment according to Suhrawardi († 1191), Halle a. S.: Niemeyer 1912.
  • Speculative and positive theology in Islam according to Rázi and Tusi, 1912
  • The Metaphysics of Averroes , 1912
  • Mystical texts from Islam: three poems from Arabi 1240, from Arab. trans. and ext. by M. Horten, Bonn: Marcus and Weber 1912 (small texts for lectures and exercises 105) digitized
  • The main teachings of Averroes according to his writing: The refutation of Gazali , Bonn 1913.
  • The philosophical system of Shirazi († 1640), translated and explained, studies on the history and culture of the Islamic Orient, informal supplements to the magazine "Der Islam", 2nd issue, Strasbourg: Trübner 1913.
  • Texts on the dispute between faith and knowledge in Islam: the teaching of the prophet and revelation by the Islamic philosophers Farabi, Avicenna and Averroes, Bonn: Marcus and Weber 1913
  • Avicenna's doctrine of the rainbow based on his work al-Shifâ, in: Meteorologische Zeitschrift 30/13, 533-544
  • The cultural development capacity of Islam in the intellectual field, Bonn 1915.
  • The Islamic Spiritual Culture, Leipzig: Veit & Co. 1915
  • Mohammedan doctrine of the catechisms of Fudali and Sanusi, Bonn: Marcus and Weber 1916.
  • Mohammed Abduh, his life and his theological-philosophical world of thought, in: Contributions to Knowledge of the Orient 13-14, Halle 1916
  • Little Turkish language lesson. Groos, Heidelberg, 1916
  • The Religious Thoughts of the People in Modern Islam, 1917–18
  • The Philosophy of Islam in its Relationship to the Philosophical Worldviews of the Western Orient, 1924 ( History of Philosophy in Individual Representations )
  • Art. Falsafa , in: Enzyklopädie des Islam, Vol. 2 (1927), 49-54
  • Indian currents in Islamic mysticism, part 1: On history and criticism, Heidelberg: Winter; Harrassowitz [in Komm.] 1927 (materials for the knowledge of Buddhism 12)
  • Indian currents in Islamic mysticism, part 2: Lexicon of the most important terms in Islamic mysticism: terminological investigations into fundamental texts of early Islamic mysticism in Persia around 900, Heidelberg: Winter; Harrassowitz [in Komm.] 1928 (materials for the knowledge of Buddhism 13)
  • Islam in its mystical-religious experience. 1928 ( Religious Sources 48)
  • The Speculative and Positive Theology of Islam, 1967

literature

  • German Biographical Archive (DBA), II 618,179-181; III 419.90
  • Wilhelm Kosch : The Catholic Germany: biographical-bibliographical lexicon / by Wilhelm Kosch. - Augsburg: Haas & Grabherr, 1933-1938. - 3 vols
  • Degeners who is it? : a collection of around 18,000 biographies with information about origin, family, curriculum vitae, publications and works, favorite occupation, membership in societies, address and other communications of general interest / substantiated and edited by Herrmann AL Degener . - 10th edition, completely revised. and mean. exp. - Berlin: Degener, 1935
  • Directory of professors and lecturers at the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Bonn 1818-1968 / ed. v. Otto Little. - Bonn: Bouvier, 1968
  • Ernest Wolf-Gazo: Contextualizing Averroës within the German Hermeneutic Tradition , in: Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics 16, Averroës and the Rational Legacy in the East and the West (1996), 133-163.
  • O. Spies: Max Horten , in: Bonner Gelehre 8 (1970), 327-29.
  • F. Sezgin (ed.): Bibliography of German-speaking Arabic and Islamic Studies , Frankfurt a. M., Vol. 14, 531-38.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Ekkehard Ellinger: German Oriental Studies at the Time of National Socialism 1933–1945 . Deux-Mondes-Verlag, Edingen-Neckarhausen 2006, p. 493.
  2. ↑ Ekkehard Ellinger: German Oriental Studies at the Time of National Socialism 1933–1945 . Deux-Mondes-Verlag, Edingen-Neckarhausen 2006, p. 132.
  3. ↑ Ekkehard Ellinger: German Oriental Studies at the Time of National Socialism 1933–1945 . Deux-Mondes-Verlag, Edingen-Neckarhausen 2006, p. 160.
  4. ↑ Ekkehard Ellinger: German Oriental Studies at the Time of National Socialism 1933–1945 . Deux-Mondes-Verlag, Edingen-Neckarhausen 2006, p. 36.
  5. ↑ On the criticism cf. Sabine Schmidtke: Recent research on Mu'tazila , in: Arabica 45 (1998), 379-408, 388 and the literature there.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Hoarding, Max
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Horten, Maximilian Joseph Heinrich (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German orientalist
DATE OF BIRTH May 7, 1874
PLACE OF BIRTH Elberfeld
DATE OF DEATH July 2, 1945
Place of death Dietingen