Indentation
As a concavity in the architecture and especially in the sacral covering of a room is carried stone vault respectively. In the case of structures with too weak abutments, the load-bearing roof structure had to be completed first so that the walls could withstand the horizontal forces from the arching.
In the technique of arching with masonry, barrel vaults were usually bricked or poured on a falsework or formwork . Different types of vaulting or wall connections were used. It was built in the Kufverband, Ringverband (Mollersche Völbung) or swallowtail association:
- In the common Kufverband, the brick layers were put together in a similar way to the planks when a barrel was made by the cooper .
- The ring bandage was an alternative to the skid bandage. The arch was not raised in horizontal layers, but progress was made horizontally in upright panes. All that was required was slide arcs the width of a few panes.
- For flat cap vaults with their segmental arch profile, the so-called dovetail bond was common, in which the stone layers were led from the corners diagonally to the arched axis in the direction of the apex, where they interlocked. This bandage was built freehand on a broad pane or an iron arch.
- The departure from the square ground plan of the vaulted fields led, under certain conditions, to crooked diagonals. In such cases, all that remained was free-hand bricklaying, in which the individual bricks had to be held in place until a layer was completed.
Falsework and formwork were only removed after the mortar had hardened , because otherwise the vault would have to be lowered more sharply. The minimum curing times for today's mortar are around eight days. The air lime mortar used in the Middle Ages, on the other hand, took much longer and required curing times of two to four months.
literature
- Otto Lueger: Lexicon of all technology and its auxiliary sciences ; Vol. 3. Stuttgart and Leipzig 1906, p. 259.
Individual evidence
- ^ Karoly Krausz: Load-bearing behavior of brick barrel vaults with stitch caps ; Report No. 38 (2002). Institute for Structural Analysis at the University of Stuttgart, Professor Dr.-Ing. E. Ramm, Stuttgart 2002.