Capuchin monastery in Breisach

Capuchin monastery in Breisach
	; Capuchin church to the left of the central wheel tower with a cross on the roof turret
medal	Capuchin
founding year	1626
Cancellation / year	1793
Start-up	new order
Patronage	Virgin Mary
location
country	Germany
region	Baden-Württemberg
place	Breisach
Geographical location	48 ° 2 ' N , 7 ° 35' E Coordinates: 48 ° 1 '48.1 " N , 7 ° 34' 47" E
	Situation in Germany

The Capuchin monastery in Breisach is an abandoned monastery of the Capuchin order in the city of Breisach . The foundation stone was laid in 1626. The monastery, which was closed in 1785, was badly damaged by fire in 1793 and largely demolished in 1825.

history

founding

As early as 1607, the council of the city of Breisach tried to establish a settlement for the order in the city at the provincial chapter of the Swiss Capuchin Province. The decisive initiative was taken in 1624 by the regent Leopold V of the Austrian front , who took over the construction costs. The foundation stone was laid on April 24, 1624 in the presence of the sovereign by the abbot of the Cistercian Abbey of Tennenbach . The foundation stone with the year 1624 and the simplified coat of arms of the founder is preserved in the Breisach Museum of City History at Reintor.

The church was consecrated on October 24, 1627. The Italian painter Guido Reni painted an altarpiece for the high altar of the church with the depiction of the Lord from 1626 to 1628 , this has been lost since 1793.

After a long siege, the city of Breisach was captured by Bernhard von Weimar from May to December 18, 1638 . According to Friedrich Justin Bertuch, the misery of the besieged up to cannibalism was recorded in the diary of a Capuchin from Breisach, although the whereabouts of the original source is unclear. The city remained occupied by France until the Peace of Rijswijk in 1697. The Capuchins were in the favor of the French king, who in 1639 did not comply with the request of his governor Johann Ludwig von Erlach to convert the Capuchin Church into a granary. At the behest of Louis XIV , a Capuchin monastery was also built in Neuf-Brisach on the opposite side of the Rhine . In 1668, the 27 Upper Austrian monasteries, including the one in Breisach, split off on April 16 at the provincial chapter of the Swiss Capuchin Province in Wyl and founded the Upper Austrian Capuchin Province.

In 1746 Fidelis was canonized by Sigmaringen . As in the other Capuchin monasteries in the province, a Fidelis chapel was added to the north wall of the lay church shortly after 1746 or an existing chapel was rededicated. The altarpiece with the martyrdom of St. Fidelis after a copper engraving by Sebastiano Concas from 1729 blienb and is also kept in the Breisach Museum for City History at Reintor.

The Emperor Joseph II, prejudiced against the Capuchins, visited the city of Breisach in July 1777 on his way back to Paris. In 1785, the Capuchin monastery was one of the first to be abolished in Upper Austria. The remaining Capuchins were only given the right to stay. In 1793, the monastery became uninhabitable due to the bombardment of the French Revolutionary Army during the First Revolutionary War . The remains were removed in 1825. Only part of the crypt and the remains of the wall were preserved. The monastery grounds were within the city walls at the transition to the southern third of the city, roughly at the height of today's Kapuzinergasse 6-10. After the destruction of the wars that began in 1793, only the street name Kapuzinergasse reminds of the monastery grounds.

Tasks and activities of the monastery

Johann Murbach: Capuchins accepting confession, gouache 1767

The Capuchin priests temporarily helped out within the Breisach deanery. From 1670 onwards, after the compulsory parish had been abolished, the sacrament of penance was given. As a result, the Upper Austrian Capuchin monasteries reported that up to 800,000 confessions were taken each year. The pastoral care of the sick and dying was, according to the custom of the time, almost exclusively entrusted to the Capuchins. Capuchins took special care of inmates and convicts in prisons and accompanied those condemned to death on their last walk. Another focus of her work was the mission, which extended into the reformed margraviate of Baden . The Capuchin Order did a great job in caring for the plague sufferers in the epidemics of the 16th and early 17th centuries. The Breisach monastery was particularly involved in the plague outbreaks of 1632 to 1634 and 1639.

Personalities

Marin Brunck , religious name P. Gervasius (1648–1717), editor, author, Guardian in Breisach from 1694 to 1697

literature

Romualdus Stockacensis: Conventus Brisacense . In: Historia provinciae anterioris Austriae fratrum minorum capucinorum . Andreas Stadler, Kempten 1747, p. 82 ff . ( Full text in Google Book Search).
Vigilius Greiderer: Conventus Brisacensis . In: Chronica ref. provinciae S. Leopoldi Tyrolensis ex opere Germania Franciscana . Liber I. Typis Joannis Thomae nobilis de Trattnern, Vienna 1781, p. 403 ( archive.org ).
Johannes Baptista Baur: Contributions to the Chronicle of the Upper Austrian Capuchin Province . In: Freiburg Diöcesan Archive . tape 17 , 1885, p. 245–289 ( freidok.uni-freiburg.de [PDF]).
Johannes Baptista Baur: Contributions to the Chronicle of the Upper Austrian Capuchin Province . In: Freiburg Diöcesan Archive . tape 18 , 1886, p. 153 ( freidok.uni-freiburg.de [PDF]).
Lexicon Capuccinum: promptuarium historico-bibliographicum Ordinis Fratrum Minorum Capuccinorum (1525–1950) . Bibl. Collegii Internat. S. Laurentii Brundusini, Rome 1951, p. XLVII S., 1868 Sp .: Ill .
Beda Mayer OFMCap .: Kapuzinerkloster Breisach, In: The Capuchin monasteries in front of Austria . In: Helvetia Franciscana . 12, 12th issue. St. Fidelis-Buchdruckerei, Lucerne 1977, p. 404-420 .

Web links

Individual evidence

↑ David von Schönherr : A forgotten work by Guido Renis for the Capuchin Church in Breisach . In: Communications from the Institute for Austrian Historical Research . Supplementary volume 5. Vienna 1896, pp. 110–118 = David von Schönherr's collected writings . Vol. 1: Art history . Innsbruck 1900, pp. 643-651 ( digitized version ).
^ Cf. Johann Baptist Kolb: Historical statistical-topographical lexicon of the Grand Duchy of Baden . Maklot 1815, p. 157
^ FJ Mone: Collection of sources of the Baden regional history . 1863, p. 220
^ Cf. Richard Schell: Fidelis von Sigmaringen. The saint in the representations of art from four centuries . Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1977, p. 56ff.
↑ See Peter Blickle: Das Alte Europa: from the High Middle Ages to the Modern, CH Beck, Munich 2008, p. 116.
↑ Benda Mayer: Helvetia Franciscana , Volume 12, Issue 6, 1977, p. 149.

´

[1] David von Schönherr : A forgotten work by Guido Renis for the Capuchin Church in Breisach . In: Communications from the Institute for Austrian Historical Research . Supplementary volume 5. Vienna 1896, pp. 110–118 = David von Schönherr's collected writings . Vol. 1: Art history . Innsbruck 1900, pp. 643-651 ( digitized version ).

[2] Cf. Johann Baptist Kolb: Historical statistical-topographical lexicon of the Grand Duchy of Baden . Maklot 1815, p. 157

[3] FJ Mone: Collection of sources of the Baden regional history . 1863, p. 220

[4] Cf. Richard Schell: Fidelis von Sigmaringen. The saint in the representations of art from four centuries . Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1977, p. 56ff.

[5] See Peter Blickle: Das Alte Europa: from the High Middle Ages to the Modern, CH Beck, Munich 2008, p. 116.

[6] Benda Mayer: Helvetia Franciscana , Volume 12, Issue 6, 1977, p. 149.