Kazakh Germans
Kazakh Germans are a German minority in Kazakhstan .
history
In 1895 there were already the first German branches in the Akmolinsk area . The ancestors of today's Kazakh Germans were forcibly resettled by the Interior Ministry of the USSR after the dissolution of the Volga German Republic on August 28, 1941, and they were forbidden from exercising some special professions. Until the mid-1950s, this group of people was subject to a command tower reporting requirement . Many Kazakh Germans had to do forced labor in labor camps between 1941 and 1945 .
After the idea of creating an autonomous region for Germans in Kazakhstan - in the area of Akmolinsk / Zelinograd (today Nur-Sultan ) with a high proportion of Germans of origin - failed due to the massive resistance of the local Russian and Kazakh population in 1979 , most Kazakh Germans emigrated since the end emigrated to Germany in the 1980s as a so-called late repatriate . Only a few were looking for a new start within Russia in the German national districts of Halbstadt (Altai region) and Azowo (near Omsk) or in the Kaliningrad Oblast , the former northern East Prussia .
present
According to the Census of 2003 300.000 German living in Kazakhstan, especially in the north of the country and in space only Sultan. The 2009 census, however, showed that only 170,000 Germans still live in Kazakhstan. In 2012, the Kazakh state statistics agency put the number of Germans living in Kazakhstan at 180,832.
The term Kazakh Germans only has a meaning in Germany, but does not play a major role among the repatriates . The Germans who emigrated from Kazakhstan to Germany refer to themselves as Russian Germans for historical reasons .
See also
- History of Russia
- History of Kazakhstan
- Kyrgyzstan Germans
- Plautdietsch friends
- Country team of Germans from Russia
- Germans in Russia
literature
- Viktor Krieger: German presence in Kazakhstan during the time of the tsars. February 1993, Eastern Europe Institute, Munich (PDF; 328 kB)
- Markus Wolf: Kazakh Germans without a future? , in: Gerhard Wettig (Ed.): Foreign Policy, Journal for International Issues , Bonn 1993, 44/2, 153–62; English edition: No Future for the Ethnic Germans in Kazakhstan? , in: Gerhard Wettig (Ed.): Aussenpolitik, German Foreign Affairs , Bonn, 44/2 (1993), 153-62.
- Alfred Eisfeld: The Russian Germans . 2. actual Edition, 1999, ISBN 3784423825
- Christian Eyselein: Understanding Russian-German emigrants. Practical theological approaches. Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2006, ISBN 3-374-02379-7 .
- Ferdinand Stoll: Kazakh Germans. Migration strategies of Kazakh Germans in the transition from ethnic to transnational migration - from the perspective of Kazakhstan. Kisslegg 2007, ISBN 978-3-00-023812-3 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original dated February 8, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Statistics Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Number of the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan according to different ethnic groups as of January 1, 2012 ( Memento of the original from November 15, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
