Kattaḫḫa

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Kattaḫḫa is a Hattic - Hittite goddess with a major cult in Ankuwa .

Surname

The Hattic word kattaḫ "queen" appears in Hattic texts as an address to various goddesses. The designation represents a title that can designate various Hittite and Hittite goddesses. In Hittite texts the name is spelled very inconsistently, Kat (t) aḫḫa and Kat (t) aḫḫi are the most common ones, less common are Kataḫga, Ḫataḫḫa, Ḫataḫga, Ḫatagga, Ḫatakki and once Ḫatkatta. All forms can occur for the city goddess of Ankuwa. Sumerographically the name is also written DINGIR MUNUS.LUGAL, which can also refer to the Hittite goddess Ḫaššuššara .

Duties and veneration

Goddesses with the epithet Kattaḫḫa were worshiped in large regions of central and northern Anatolia and were often at the head of the traditional local panthea . The nature of these goddesses is not entirely clear; they may be responsible for nature, fertility and wildlife. Goddesses with the title Kattaḫḫa appeared as divine witnesses in official contracts during the Hittite period.

In the old Ethite times, the goddess Kattaḫḫa received her sacrifice together with the weather god of Zippalanda at the KI.LAM festival . The Kattaḫḫa of Ankuwa was also worshiped at the KI.LAM festival. In addition, Kattaḫḫa belonged to a group of deities who were sacrificed in the temple of the sun goddess of Arinna . In the Hittite Empire, Kattaḫḫa was also worshiped at the AN.DAḪ.ŠUM festival .

Kattaḫḫa occupied a prominent position in the panthea of ​​the cities of Ḫanḫana and Kašḫa, headed by the god Telipinu and his partner Ḫatepinu . In the same cities, however, due to her prominent position, she could also be considered a partner of the Telipinu herself.

Individually emerging queens

Kattaḫḫa of Ankuwa and Katapa

Kattaetha from Ankuwa and Kattaḫḫa from Katapa occupied an excellent position in the local pantheon in the ancient Ethite period . Kattaḫḫa of Katapa played a major role in an ancient Ethite cleansing ritual for the Hittite royal couple and the Ḫatti country. Even in the Hittite empire, the queens of Ankuwa and Katapa still belonged to the state pantheon. Kattaḫḫa of Katapa lost its importance when the Hittite king Muršili II introduced the cult of the weather god Teššub of Ḫalab of Ḫattuša with the surname muwatalli and his companion Ḫepat in Katapa .

Taḫattanuit

One goddess who bears the title of queen is the source goddess Taḫattanuit, the "mother of the source, the queen". Taḫattanuiti is the mistress of a weather god .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Piotr Taracha: Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia . Wiesbaden 2009, p. 53.
  2. ^ BHL van Gessel: Onomasticon of the Hittite Pantheon . BTE Vol. 33.1 (1998), 228-235. ISBN 90-04-10809-2
  3. ^ Piotr Taracha: Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia . Wiesbaden 2009, p. 53.
  4. ^ Piotr Taracha: Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia . Wiesbaden 2009, p. 97.
  5. ^ Piotr Taracha: Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia . Wiesbaden 2009, p. 39 ff.
  6. ^ Piotr Taracha: Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia . Wiesbaden 2009, p. 139.
  7. ^ Piotr Taracha: Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia . Wiesbaden 2009, p. 102.
  8. ↑ Volkert Haas, Heidemarie Koch: Religions of the ancient Orient: Hittites and Iran . Göttingen 2011, p. 235.
  9. ^ Piotr Taracha: Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia . Wiesbaden 2009, p. 53 f.
  10. ^ Piotr Taracha: Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia . Wiesbaden 2009, p. 78.
  11. ^ Piotr Taracha: Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia . Wiesbaden 2009, p. 86.
  12. ^ Piotr Taracha: Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia . Wiesbaden 2009, p. 98.
  13. ^ Piotr Taracha: Religions of Second Millennium Anatolia . Wiesbaden 2009, p. 56.