Kienopf
The Kienzopf (pine bark blister rust ) is a disease of the common pine , black pine and other pine species caused by rust fungi , in which the tree top, the so-called plait , dies. However, larger crown or trunk areas can also be infested, causing the entire tree to die.
The infection occurs on young shoots, which then usually die off in the course of 2 to 3 years. In some cases, the rust fungus reaches the trunk of the pine tree. The tree reacts to ward off infection with increased resin flow in the infected trunk areas. As a result, the pathways of the cambium are clogged (caked) with resin and the transport of water and nutrients is inhibited. As the killing progresses, the tree area above the infested site can be caused to die off (plait drying).
The cause of this disease is mainly in the south, but also in the north of Europe, the rust fungus Cronartium flaccidum (Alb. Et Schw.) Winter, which needs an intermediate host for its development, mostly the meadow quail wheat growing in the forest . The swallow-wort and certain Paeonia - and Pedicularisarten can serve as intermediate hosts. Infection via the needles occurs through basidiospores , which are formed on the intermediate host and whose germ tubes grow in through the stomata of the cotyledons or the primary and secondary needles of the pines. It is from here that the fungus penetrates the bark.
In northern Europe the Kienopf is mainly caused by the rust fungus Endocronartium pini (Pers.) Hiratsuka ( Peridermium pini (Pers.) Lév.). This fungus does not need an intermediate host for its development. The aecidiospores formed in the bark of young shoots, in orange-colored spore beds, are transferred directly from pine to pine.
The sensitivity of certain tree individuals to pine bark blister rust is said to be hereditary. Pines of all ages, but especially 40 to 60 year old pines, are attacked.
The only practicable protection against the spread of the pine bark vesicle rust is the early removal of infested trees.
Other types of pine that can be attacked by pine bark rust are the mountain pine , the pine , the maritime pine and the Aleppo pine .
swell
- Werner Ebert, Oswald Jarisch and Waldfried Kessler: Identification book of the most important pine pests and diseases . Published by the Institute for Forest Sciences, Eberswalde. VEB Deutscher Landwirtschaftsverlag Berlin, 1st edition 1978
- www.forst.tu-muenchen.de