Clastogene

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A clastogen is a poison that causes or induces chromosomal aberrations by breaking a chromosome , losing or adding parts of one chromosome to another, or rearranging the fragments.

This process can be understood as a form of mutagenesis and can lead to carcinogenesis or malformations , since the genetic material of cells that are not killed by the clastogenic effect can be changed: Clastogens can be mutagenic or carcinogenic, depending on whether the effect is passed on to a subsequent generation within the germline or whether a tumor develops in somatic cells.

Suspected or identified clastogens are:

Frequent contact with clastogens increases the likelihood of abnormal sperm and developmental disorders in the fetuses they produce .

Test procedure

Chemical substances can in vitro a Clastogenicity assay are subjected to to identify them as clastogenicity or to get rid of this suspicion. This is often carried out as a comet assay and then provides information on the potential to trigger aneuploidy .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Rosefort C., E. Fauth, H. Zankl : Micronuclei induced by aneugens and clastogens in mononucleate and binucleate cells using cytokinesis block assay. Mutagenesis , Volume 19, 2004, pp. 277-284.
  2. ↑ "This leads to the conclusion that a chemical that fails to induce a significant response in an in vitro clastogenicity assay is unlikely to be clastogenic in vivo, in bone marrow assays." Rose, John. (1988). Environmental Toxicology: Current Developments, p. 64.
  3. ↑ "Cells were treated with both mutagenic (causing gene mutations) and clastogenic (causing chromosome aberrations) compounds." Comparison of clastogen-induced gene expression profiles in wild-type and DNA repair-deficient Rad54 / Rad54B cells. BMC Genomics, Volume 11, 2010, p. 24, doi : 10.1186 / 1471-2164-11-24 .
  4. ↑ a b c d e f Oyeronke A. Odunola, Aliyu Muhammad, Ahsana D. Farooq, Kourosh Dalvandi, Huma Rasheed, Muhammad I. Choudhary, Ochuko L. Erukainure: Comparative assessment of redox-sensitive biomarkers due to acacia honey and sodium arsenite administration in vivo. In: Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 6, No. 2, 2013, pp. 119-126, doi : 10.1007 / s12349-013-0127-1 .
  5. ↑ Erich Gebhart, Ruben M. Arutyunyan: Principles of clastogenic action and its estimation. In: Anticlastogens in Mammalian and Human Cells. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991, pp. 7-30.
  6. ↑ Jorma Maeki-Paakkanen, Päivi Kurttio, Anna Paldy, Juha Pekkanen: Association between the clastogenic effect in peripheral lymphocytes and human exposure to arsenic through drinking water. In: Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 32, No. 4, 1998, pp. 301-313.
  7. ↑ John Whysner, M. Vijayaraj Reddy, Peter M. Ross, Melissa Mohan, Elizabeth A. Lax: Genotoxicity of benzene and its metabolites. In: Mutation Research / Reviews in Mutation Research 566, No. 2, 2004, pp. 99-130, doi : 10.1016 / S1383-5742 (03) 00053-X .
  8. ↑ Benkt Högstedt, Emma Bergmark, Margareta Törnqvist, Siv Osterman-Golkar: Chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei in lymphocytes in relation to alkylation of hemoglobin in workers exposed to ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. In: Hereditas 113, No. 2, 1990, pp. 133-38. doi : 10.1111 / j.1601-5223.1990.tb00076.x (free full text).
  9. ↑ Juan J. Rodríguez-Mercado, Rodrigo A. Mateos-Nava, Mario A. Altamirano-Lozano: DNA damage induction in human cells exposed to vanadium oxides in vitro. In: Toxicology in Vitro 25, No. 8, 2011, pp. 1996-2002, doi : 10.1016 / j.tiv.2011.07.009 .
  10. ↑ B. Burlinson: The in vitro and in vivo comet assays. In: Methods Mol Biol. Volume 817, 2012, pp. 143-163, doi : 10.1007 / 978-1-61779-421-6_8 .