Kolokol
Kolokol (Колокол, Russian: The Bell ) was the first uncensored Russian-language newspaper. It was published in London from 1857 to 1865 and then in Geneva until 1867 and was edited by Alexander Herzen and Nikolai Ogarjow , who at the same time published the literary-political almanac Poljarnaja swesda ( Pole Star). Despite the ban in Russia, the newspaper was widespread and had a great influence on the reformist and revolutionary forces of the time.
Kolokol appeared one to four times a month and had a circulation of 2500 copies in 1859–1861. Among the employees were supporters of various Russian opposition groups and opponents of the serfdom still practiced there , such as Mikhail Bakunin , Pawel Annenkow , Nikolai Dobroljubow and Ivan Turgenev . Authors of other languages whose works were published in Kolokol were, for example, Victor Hugo , Giuseppe Garibaldi , Pierre-Joseph Proudhon , Jules Michelet and Giuseppe Mazzini .
Due to arguments with the younger generation of Russian emigrants and the loss of contacts with opposition members in Russia, the newspaper was closed. After Herzens death in 1870, it was continued for a short time by Ogarjow.
source
- Karlheinz Kasper: Kolokol . In: Herbert Greiner-Mai (ed.): Small dictionary of world literature . VEB Bibliographisches Institut Leipzig 1983. p. 149.