Colonial war in Italian Somaliland

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The colonial war in Italian Somaliland , also known as the " Pacification of Somalia ", took place from 1925 to 1927 between the fascist- ruled Kingdom of Italy and the Somali sultanates of the Majerteen and Hobyo .

After Benito Mussolini had given the fascist governor Cesare Maria De Vecchi the green light for an offensive against both sultanates on July 10, 1925 , De Vecchi began an offensive against the Sultanate of Hobyo under Sultan Yusuf in October 1925 with 12,000 soldiers (including many Eritreans) Ali. It was overrun with minimal resistance within a month. The Sultanate of the Majerteen under Sultan Bogor Osman could not be conquered by the Italians until November 1927. Sultan Osman subsequently fled to British Somaliland . Several thousand Somalis fell victim to the colonial war. According to Tom Behan (2009), the first war crime in fascist Italy was committed in October 1926 when Italian troops murdered one hundred people in a mosque in Merka . According to Behan, the Italian occupation troops pursued a "scorched earth policy" under De Vecchi from 1925 to 1927.

Sebastian de Pretto (2020) writes on the state of research that the history of the Italian colonial areas has not yet been dealt with by any means. In addition to numerous studies on Eritrea and Ethiopia and research, Libya has long been neglected. There have been "hardly any investigations to date" on Somalia.

literature

• Tom Behan: The Italian Resistance: Fascists, Guerillas and the Allies. Pluto Press, London / New York 2009, ISBN 978-0-7453-2695-5 , p. 13.
• Richard JB Bosworth: Mussolini's Italy. Life under the dictatorship. London 2005.
• Sebastian De Pretto: In the struggle for history (s): places of remembrance of the Abyssinian War in South Tyrol. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2020, p. 271.
• Robert Mallett: Mussolini in Ethiopia, 1919–1935: The Origins of Fascist Italy's African War. Cambridge University Press, New York 2015, ISBN 978-1-107-46236-6 .
• Anthony Mockler: Haile Selassie's War. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2003, ISBN 1-902669-53-3 , p. 31.
• Philip Morgan: Italian Fascism 1915-1945. Palgrave Macmilian, 2004.
• Raphael Chijioke Njoku: The History of Somalia. ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara 2013, ISBN 978-0-313-37857-7 , p. 85.