Command language
Command language is a way of speaking that contains an unambiguous request for action through standardized words or sentences.
purpose
The command issued contains an order to act. Command language is uniform and leaves no room for interpretation about the requested action. It is mainly used in the military , e.g. B. used in formal service , but also in sports or sailing. In the military, it is also used to induce behavior in stressful situations that can be caused by e.g. B. Drill have been practiced beforehand.
armed forces
The Bundeswehr differentiates between an “announcement command” (AnkKdo) and an “execution command” (AusfKdo). The AnkKdo lets the recipient of the command know that a request for action is imminent. The following AusfKdo contains the specific, clear request for a certain behavior. With the announcement command, a more concrete preparation for the execution command is often achieved, for which the command recipient can prepare by the short pause between the announcement and the execution command.
Formal service
In formal duty, the unit is usually used as the announcement command. The respective execution commands are standardized in the central service regulation (ZDv) 3/2. Examples:
- AnkKdo: First train,
- AusfKdo: Stand still!
- AnkKdo: The eyes ( The die prepares you for a change of direction of gaze to the left.)
- AusfKdo: left!
- AnkKdo: Eyes (By missing the being prepared for a viewing direction change to the right.)
- AusfKdo: right!
Combat service
Command language is of particular importance in combat service. In military use it is particularly important to use a uniform language. An example:
- AnkKdo: Alpha squad, get ready to jump.
- AusfKdo: Jump up, march, march!
(This is the uniform rapid movement of units, for example when crossing streets or open spaces.)
These commands are also regulated by law.
In less formally regulated situations, the more general execution commands “Execute!”, “March!” Or “March, march!” (The latter also implies running) are used, for example:
- AnkKdo: So, now, dismantle the tents, pack up your backpack, clean the storage area, pack additional water, have a drink. In twenty minutes there is general starting, followed by the 10 km march.
- AusfKdo: Execution!
With the same result, but more formally, one can command more formally:
- AnkKdo: Regarding the measures ordered
- AusfKdo: step away!
sailing
When sailing, there are also standardized commands for maneuvers that require precise timing of several actors. For example when turning :
- Announcement command: ready to turn (given by the helmsman)
- Confirmation: Is clear (given by the bowman to signal its readiness)
- Execution command : Ree! (given by the helmsman just before the tack)
Sports
Command language is also used in sports. In athletics , for example in running disciplines, the start command is standardized:
- Announcing Squad: On your marks
- Intermediate command : Done
- Execution command: Go! (Often given by a starting gun.)
aviation
In aviation, for example, there are standardized talk groups in aviation radio, see here
literature
- Werner Hahlweg : On the historical development of the Austrian command language . In: Österreichische Militärische Zeitschrift (1968), pp. 121-139.