Cone crusher
Cone crusher and gyratory crushers are a special type of breakers . They are used for coarse grinding and crushing of brittle, medium-hard and hard materials used. Its name is derived from the conical component required for the shredding.
history
At the beginning of the 20th century, rotary crushers for crushing rock were first produced. These were heavy and robust machines that were mostly installed in stationary systems. In 1910 , Allis-Chalmers built a rotary crusher with a diameter of 1.2 m. Later high-strength steels and replaceable wear parts improved the reliability of the gyratory crusher. In the 1920s, the gyratory crushers were so powerful that up to 1000 tons of rock could be processed within an hour.
Working principle
With these crushers, the crushing takes place in a circumferentially opening and closing annular gap between the crusher jacket and the crusher cone. Opening and closing take place simultaneously on opposite sides of the crushing chamber. This is a considerable advantage compared to a jaw crusher with alternating working stroke and idle stroke.
Cone and rotary crushers have in common the crusher axis with the crushing cone supported by a thrust bearing. An eccentric sets the crusher axis in a circumferential tumbling motion through which the annular ring gap opens and closes.
Gyro crusher
In the case of the gyratory crusher, the crusher axis is axially displaceable in a spherical head bearing in the upper part of the crusher. This bearing absorbs part of the horizontal refractive power. The head storage requires a cross member that hinders the material inlet into the crusher, especially with small sizes and large feed pieces.
Cone crusher
When cantilevered cone crusher there is no head support. The fictitious pivot point is above the crusher cone. Here a short, particularly powerful axle absorbs all forces and transfers them to the crusher housing. The crusher gap is adjusted by lifting the crusher jacket in the crusher upper frame.
Steep and flat cone crusher
Another design feature is the shape of the crushing cone. Steep cone crushers are always gyratory crushers. There are flat cones in rotary and cone crushers. The classic steep cone is used as a primary rotary crusher (primary rotary crusher, large rotary crusher).
Steep cone crushers are operated at rather low speeds and are therefore based on the principle of pressure crushing ; the flat cone crushers operate at higher speeds and are therefore based on the principle of impact comminution .
commitment
Crushers weighing 100 t to 500 t can break feed pieces up to 1.5 m in size into a conveyor belt product with throughputs of up to several thousand tonnes per hour. Such crushers are used in mining operations and limestone quarries.
literature
- Mining Lexicon . In: Hans Grothe, Hermann Franke (Ed.): Lueger Lexikon der Technik . 4th completely revised and expanded edition. tape 4 mining. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1962, p. 313 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Francis Pierre: The fascination of construction machinery - road construction history . Giesel Verlag, 1998, ISBN 3-9802942-8-5 .
- ↑ Matthias Stieß: Mechanical Process Engineering , Volume 2, Springer Science + Business Media , 2013, ISBN 978-3-662-08599-8 , p. 264 [1]