Chamber of Agriculture Weser-Ems
The Chamber of Agriculture Weser-Ems was from 1954 to 2005, the self-governing organization of agriculture in parts of present-day state of Lower Saxony . It emerged from the Oldenburg Chamber of Agriculture, which, with interruptions, acted as an agricultural interest group from 1900 to 1954. On January 1, 2006, it merged with the Hanover Chamber of Agriculture to form the Lower Saxony Chamber of Agriculture .
Forerunner of the Weser-Ems Chamber of Agriculture
The forerunners of the Weser-Ems Chamber of Agriculture were associations with a corresponding lobby group. The formation of the Chamber of Agriculture was thus the result of a lengthy development process that spanned most of the 19th century. An important historical cornerstone in the run-up was the establishment of the Oldenburg Agricultural Society in 1818. This took place immediately after the Wars of Liberation and the Congress of Vienna as an initiative of farmers, clergy, doctors and administrative officials. At that time, the Oldenburg Agricultural Society only comprised the purely Oldenburg core areas. East Frisia, the Emsland and the Osnabrück region were still part of the Hanover province and thus to the chamber there.
The main objective of the Agricultural Society was to promote agriculture and the related trades and to coordinate the relevant regional associations. In addition, the later Agricultural Investigation and Research Institute (LUFA) began its work in 1876.
Establishment of the Oldenburg Chamber of Agriculture
The first Chamber of Agriculture in a German state was established in Bremen in 1849. The next Chamber of Agriculture Act was only passed 45 years later, on June 30, 1894, in Prussia. This resulted in the establishment of the Chambers of Agriculture for the Province of Saxony , the Province of Brandenburg and for Berlin in Berlin in 1896 . Due to the same Prussian law, which also became a model for Oldenburg, the Chamber of Agriculture for the Province of Hanover was founded in 1899. The Weser-Ems Chamber of Agriculture Act was enacted on January 25, 1900. In Article 1 it said: "To promote agriculture and forestry in the technical and economic field, a chamber of agriculture is being formed for the Duchy of Oldenburg as the central organ of the agricultural association and as an advisory board to the State Ministry in matters of agricultural legislation and administration." first constituent meeting took place on November 20, 1900.
The Oldenburg Chamber of Agriculture in the German Empire and the Weimar Republic
In 1903, just three years after it was founded, the Chamber of Agriculture for the Duchy of Oldenburg comprised 67 agricultural associations with 6344 members and 16 related associations. The start-up phase is accompanied by a strong economic upswing in agriculture. This is mainly due to the increased tariff rates for agricultural products under Reich Chancellor Bernhard von Bülow in 1902. Behind this was not only the endeavor to keep the peasant class economically healthy, but also the goal of enabling agriculture to meet the needs of the local population for agricultural products as fully as possible. Against the background of increasing political tensions ( Morocco crisis ), the question of food self-sufficiency came to the fore. With the Bülow customs tariff, the grain price was also kept stable and agriculture was thus placed on a secure foundation. After the last Grand Duke of Oldenburg, Friedrich August , abdicated on November 11, 1918 , the newly established Free State of Oldenburg used this situation to amend the Chamber of Agriculture Act, which came into force on June 22, 1922. It was emphasized that the Chamber of Agriculture "has to represent and promote all matters of agriculture and the interests of the agricultural profession ... in economic and factual relation". The decisive innovation, however, consisted in the fact that now agricultural business owners are no longer alone in At the Chamber Assembly, a quarter of the seats were occupied by agricultural workers, elected according to groups: three groups for farmers depending on the size of the farm, the fourth group for agricultural workers.
Integration into the Reichsnährstand
In the 1931 Chamber of Agriculture election , the National Socialists succeeded in gaining a majority in the chamber assembly. Due to the cooperation between the NSDAP and the Landbund Oldenburg-Bremen, 23 out of 24 representatives from the northern part of the country were able to become members of the NSDAP. Compared to the 12 representatives of the southern part, who politically belonged to the farmers' association close to the center, the members of the NSDAP thus had almost a 2/3 majority. According to the Reichsnährstandsgesetz , the Chamber of Agriculture was dissolved and transferred to the Oldenburg regional farming community at the last board meeting on January 31, 1934. In 1937, the name was changed to the Weser-Ems regional farming community . The elimination of the independent chambers of agriculture was the temporary end of peasant self-government and meant the centralized harmonization of all areas connected with food and agriculture.
Post-war period until 1954
In order to ensure the food of the population, the measures of the Allies were initially limited to the dissolution of the headquarters of the Reichsnährstand in Berlin, while the rural and local farmers continued to exist. Although the peasant leaders of the various levels were almost completely replaced, the denazification of the agricultural administrative organs was slow. On August 3, 1945 the Oldenburg Prime Minister Theodor Tantzen felt compelled to inform the new President of the rural peasantry Diedrich Boedecker in writing about this problem: "... Therefore it is quite impossible that the rural peasantry is not finally cleaned up." The occupying power in the democratization of the state and society was to completely reshape the National Socialist economic organizations such as the Gau economic chambers and the rural peasantry. When Günther Gereke became Lower Saxony's Minister of Agriculture on June 9th , he pursued the establishment of chambers of agriculture so closely that in August he received the approval of the military government to establish chambers of agriculture as registered associations by ordinance.
The Lower Saxony Chamber of Agriculture Act
With the passage of the Lower Saxony Chamber of Agriculture Act of July 5, 1954, the Oldenburg Chamber of Agriculture became self-governing bodies under public law again as the Weser-Ems Chamber of Agriculture on the basis of the spatial redistribution of the Weser-Ems regional farming community in 1937. Since then, the primary task of the new chambers has been "... to promote agriculture and all of the people working in agriculture in a professional manner in accordance with the interests of the general public and to take care of their professional interests."
History of the Presidents, General Secretaries and Directors
The presidents of the Weser-Ems Chamber of Agriculture:
| 1900-1915 | Johann Funch-Loy |
| 1915-1918 | Heinrich Wittjen |
| 1918-1929 | Johann Alerich Feldhus |
| 1929-1931 | Garlich Harbers |
| 1931-1934 | Karl Hohenböken |
| 1945-1949 | Diedrich Boedecker |
| 1949-1953 | Gustav Meyer zu Belm |
| 1953-1955, 1955-1961 | Friedrich Kempe |
| 1961-1981 | Johannes Marahrens |
| 1981-1997 | Hans Behrens |
| 1997 - 2006 | Friedrich Scholten |
The General Secretaries of the Weser-Ems Chamber of Agriculture:
| 1900-1905 | Friedrich Oetken |
| 1905-1911 | August Geerken |
| 1911-1920 | Hermann von Wenckstern |
| 1920-1932 | Albrecht Khuen |
The directors of the Weser-Ems Chamber of Agriculture:
| 1932-1933 | Hermann Werner |
| 1949-1955 | Robert Dannemann |
| 1955-1962 | Hermann Schulte-Wülwer |
| 1962-1973 | Hanswolf from Herder |
| 1973-1988 | Klaus Brümann |
| 1989-2005 | Jürgen Otzen |
Web links
- Website of today's Chamber of Agriculture Lower Saxony
- Law on the Lower Saxony Chamber of Agriculture (LwKG)
Individual evidence
- ^ Chamber of Agriculture Weser-Ems Agriculture and Chamber of Agriculture Weser-Ems. Edited by the press and public relations department of the Weser-Ems Chamber of Agriculture, Oldenburg 1997, p. 66.
- ↑ Olaf Gräber: 100 years of the Weser-Ems Chamber of Agriculture 1900 - 2000: the story / LWK, Weser-Ems Chamber of Agriculture. Oldenburg 2000, p. 7.
- ↑ Hinrich Ewert: Promote the progress of agriculture. 100 years of the Hanover Chamber of Agriculture . Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover 1999, p. 60f.
- ↑ Olaf Gräber: 100 years of the Weser-Ems Chamber of Agriculture 1900 - 2000: the story / LWK, Weser-Ems Chamber of Agriculture. Oldenburg 2000, p. 6.
- ^ Hans Behrens: Chamber of Agriculture Weser-Ems: 1900 - 2005; History and foundation, nature of self-administration, tasks of the chamber . Oldenburg 2005, p. 22.
- ^ Chamber of Agriculture Weser-Ems Agriculture and Chamber of Agriculture Weser-Ems. Edited by the press and public relations department of the Weser-Ems Chamber of Agriculture, Oldenburg 1997, p. 10.
- ^ Chamber of Agriculture Weser-Ems Agriculture and Chamber of Agriculture Weser-Ems. Edited by the press and public relations department of the Weser-Ems Chamber of Agriculture, Oldenburg 1997, p. 11.
- ^ Chamber of Agriculture Weser-Ems Agriculture and Chamber of Agriculture Weser-Ems. Edited by the press and public relations department of the Weser-Ems Chamber of Agriculture, Oldenburg 1997, p. 13.
- ↑ StA Oldenburg. 136th Gr. 129-159. No. 8367
- ^ Chamber of Agriculture Weser-Ems Agriculture and Chamber of Agriculture Weser-Ems. Edited by the press and public relations department of the Weser-Ems Chamber of Agriculture, Oldenburg 1997, p. 13.
- ↑ Hinrich Ewert: Promote the progress of agriculture. 100 years of the Hanover Chamber of Agriculture , Landbuch-Verlag, 1999, p. 204ff.
- ↑ Olaf Gräber: 100 years of the Weser-Ems Chamber of Agriculture 1900 - 2000: the story / LWK, Weser-Ems Chamber of Agriculture. Oldenburg 2000, p. 32.