Chamber of Agriculture Hanover
The Hanover Chamber of Agriculture was from 1899 to 2005, the self-governing organization of agriculture in parts of present-day state of Lower Saxony . On January 1, 2006, it merged with the Weser-Ems Chamber of Agriculture to form the Lower Saxony Chamber of Agriculture .
Agricultural boom in the 19th century
The industrialization of Western Europe had also reached Germany with the establishment of the Reich in 1871 at the latest . The increase in industrial capacities and the associated urbanization also gave agriculture an upswing on a previously unknown scale. Further factors for the restructuring of agriculture were the restructuring of land ownership from the 18th century and the introduction of the monetary economy to regulate taxes.
In the Hanover / Braunschweig region, sugar beet production increased by leaps and bounds from around 1880 . They offered an inexpensive substitute for the sugar cane that had been imported until then ; the increase in domestic production was due to both the growing demand and the increasing use of artificial fertilizers . Sugar beet production increased the prosperity of the producers, as they often developed into agricultural entrepreneurs as shareholders in the sugar factories that were being built. Other important products in Lower Saxony were the production of potatoes (in Geest and heather areas ), fruit (in the old country ), pig fattening (in the southern Oldenburg region ), cattle and dairy farming (in marshes and in East Friesland ).
Prussian Chamber of Agriculture Act
In June 1893 the Prussian House of Representatives decided
- "To request the Royal State Government to prepare the cooperative organization of the farming profession by procuring a special agricultural law that corresponds to the nature of this class and takes into account its peculiar circumstances and to submit proposals to the House of Parliament as soon as possible."
Another year should pass before the relevant law is passed due to opposition from various interest groups and parties. The main point of contention was the right to vote for chamber representatives.
Resistance and Constitution
After the Chamber Act was passed, corresponding chambers of agriculture were immediately established in almost all of the Prussian provinces; Hanover was one of the three areas in which this initially failed due to resistance from the peasantry.
The negative attitude towards the establishment of its own Chamber of Agriculture in Hanover can be traced back to two reasons: On the one hand, Hanover had only been annexed by Prussia three decades before - there was still great resentment against regulation by Prussia in all matters. Furthermore, the Hanover region had a fairly high level of organization of the peasantry in local agricultural associations (approx. 50% of full-time farms ). The farmers concerned were well aware that the chambers of agriculture would mean "... the ruin of the agricultural associations". The increasing financial shortage of the agricultural associations and the decreasing resistance in the also chamber-free areas of Westphalia and the Rhine Province led to a change of heart at the end of the 1990s. Under the leadership of the former chamber opponent August von Rheden , a constitution for its own chamber of agriculture was drafted in 1898/99, all points were unanimously adopted from January 17 to 19, 1899 and the state government was asked to set up an agricultural chamber for the province of Hanover. On March 15, 1899, Wilhelm II signed the relevant ordinance in Berlin, and the Hanover Chamber of Agriculture was established.
The Chamber of Agriculture in the Empire and the Weimar Republic
As early as the founding meeting on June 6, 1899, 16 committees were formed in order to do justice to the extensive tasks of the new Chamber of Agriculture:
- agricultural associations
- Science policy, economics, agricultural legislation and insurance
- Cooperative system
- Horse breeding
- Cattle breeding and dairy farming
- Pig breeding
- Poultry farming
- Fish farming
- Fruit growing and horticulture
- Field, moor and meadow culture
- Forestry and hunting matters
- agricultural industry
- Newspaper industry
- Epidemic and animal diseases
- Working class
- agricultural reporting
The diversity of these committees, which were set up at the beginning and which are largely composed of elected members, shows the comprehensive orientation of the Chamber of Agriculture. In addition to safeguarding sovereign interests, not only market-economy aspects of agriculture were taken into account, but also young talent and public relations work.
Many of the structures of the Lower Saxony Chamber of Agriculture that still exist today go back to the founding years of the Hanover Chamber of Agriculture. In addition to various teaching and research institutes such as the one for cattle breeding and dairy farming in Echem , the cooperation with other agricultural associations, such as the Rural Women’s Association and the close cooperation between the Chamber of Agriculture and the farmers in variety tests in plant and horticulture are rooted in this time.
Integration into the Reichsnährstand
With the last free chamber elections on January 3, 1932, the NSDAP succeeded in gaining 26 of the 36 new chamber seats to be filled. Thus, even before the Reichstag elections in January 1933 , the National Socialists already had a strong power base within the Chamber, the election of NSDAP member Hartwig von Rheden as Vice President in February 1932 was the result of this.
After the seizure of power, all Prussian chambers of agriculture were dissolved with effect from June 28, 1933 and the organizational structures were transferred to the Reichsnährstand . In contrast to the previous organizational structure, the Reichsnährstand was not an instrument of self-administration. A complete restructuring took place under the “Reichsbauernführer” Walther Darré , Hartwig von Rheden rose from Vice President of the Chamber of Agriculture to become a state farmer's leader. The previous President of the Chamber of Agriculture, Gregor von Reden, resigned from all offices on July 3, 1933.
As part of the armaments policy planned and implemented by the National Socialists, the entire Reichsnährstand was oriented towards the aggressive war policy as early as 1933. With regard to agriculture, this meant, in addition to the loss of self-determination, participation in the “ harvest battle” in order to secure the food policy autonomy of the German Reich.
Post-war period until 1954
After the Second World War , the food situation in Germany was dire in the first years of the post-war period . Due to the strong immigration of refugees and displaced persons from former German areas, the severe winter of 1946/47 and the drought in 1947, there was a considerable shortage of food produced in Germany. Since the authoritarian Reichsnährstand had proven itself as a thoroughly efficient administrative structure even during the war years, the victorious Allied powers initially left this structure in place, although this ran counter to their goal of democratizing all administrative structures. The President of the Chamber, Georg von Reden, who resigned in 1933, was appointed the first country farmer's leader.
On January 21, 1948, the Reichsnährstand was dissolved, the self-organization of agriculture in the Hanover region took over the Provisional Chamber of Agriculture with 138 members under the presidency of Edmund Rehwinkel. The main goals of the new organization were to promote and secure agricultural production and to train the next generation.
The Lower Saxony Chamber of Agriculture Act
With the passage of the Lower Saxony Chamber of Agriculture Act of July 9, 1954, the chambers of agriculture in Hanover and Weser-Ems became self-governing bodies under public law again. Since then, the primary task of the new chambers has been "... to promote agriculture and all of the people working in agriculture in a professional manner in accordance with the interests of the general public and to take care of their professional interests."
History of architecture and art since the 1960s
Between 1959 and 1961, the architect Paul Wolters built the new building on the corner of Schiffgraben and Lavesstraße .
Presidents and Directors
The chairmen and presidents of the Hanover Chamber of Agriculture:
| 1899-1907 | August von Rheden |
| 1907-1917 | Gebhard Freiherr von Marenholtz |
| 1917-1920 | August von Frese |
| 1921-1933, 1945-1946 | Georg von Reden |
| 1946-1949 | Friedel Zeddies |
| 1949-1964 | Edmund Rehwinkel |
| 1964-1982 | Walter Blume |
| 1982-1991 | Heinrich Stadler |
| 1991-1999 | Klaus-Jürgen Hacke |
| 2000-2005 | Fritz Stegen |
The directors of the Hanover Chamber of Agriculture:
| 1899-1924 | Peter Johannssen |
| 1948-1960 | Wilhelm Koerner |
| 1961-1974 | Erhard Fischer |
| 1974-1991 | Gerhard Stumpenhausen |
| 1991-2006 | Bernd-Udo Hahn |
literature
- Hinrich Ewert: Promoting progress in agriculture. 100 years of the Hanover Chamber of Agriculture . Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover 1999
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.lwk-niedersachsen.de/index.cfm/portal/landwirtschaftskammer/nav/14/article/6243.html
- ↑ Hinrich Ewert: Promote the progress of agriculture. 100 years of the Hanover Chamber of Agriculture . Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover 1999, p. 20.
- ↑ Hinrich Ewert: Promote the progress of agriculture. 100 years of the Hanover Chamber of Agriculture . Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover 1999, p. 22ff.
- ↑ Hinrich Ewert: Promote the progress of agriculture. 100 years of the Hanover Chamber of Agriculture . Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover 1999, p. 28ff.
- ↑ Hinrich Ewert: Promote the progress of agriculture. 100 years of the Hanover Chamber of Agriculture , Landbuch-Verlag, 1999, p. 36ff.
- ↑ Hinrich Ewert: Promote the progress of agriculture. 100 years of the Hanover Chamber of Agriculture . Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover 1999, p. 43ff.
- ↑ Hinrich Ewert: Promote the progress of agriculture. 100 years of the Hanover Chamber of Agriculture . Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover 1999, p. 46f.
- ↑ Hinrich Ewert: Promote the progress of agriculture. 100 years of the Hanover Chamber of Agriculture . Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover 1999, p. 51ff.
- ↑ Hinrich Ewert: Promote the progress of agriculture. 100 years of the Hanover Chamber of Agriculture . Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover 1999, p. 60f.
- ↑ Hinrich Ewert: Promote the progress of agriculture. 100 years of the Hanover Chamber of Agriculture , Landbuch-Verlag, 1999, p. 61.
- ↑ Hinrich Ewert: Promote the progress of agriculture. 100 years of the Hanover Chamber of Agriculture . Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover 1999, p. 170ff.
- ↑ Hinrich Ewert: Promote the progress of agriculture. 100 years of the Hanover Chamber of Agriculture . Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover 1999, p. 175f.
- ↑ Hinrich Ewert: Promote the progress of agriculture. 100 years of the Hanover Chamber of Agriculture . Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover 1999, pp. 177f.
- ↑ Hinrich Ewert: Promote the progress of agriculture. 100 years of the Hanover Chamber of Agriculture. Landbuch-Verlag, Hannover 1999, p. 184 ff.
- ↑ Hinrich Ewert: Promote the progress of agriculture. 100 years of the Hanover Chamber of Agriculture , Landbuch-Verlag, 1999, p. 204ff.
- ^ Friedrich Lindau : Hanover. Reconstruction and destruction. The city in dealing with its architectural-historical identity , 2nd, revised edition, Hanover: Schlütersche Verlagsgesellschaft, 2001, ISBN 3-87706-607-0 , passim ; Preview over google books .
- ↑ Hinrich Ewert: Promote the progress of agriculture. 100 years of the Hanover Chamber of Agriculture , Landbuch-Verlag, 1999, p. 236ff.
- ^ Yearbooks of the Hanover Chamber of Agriculture, 2000–2005