Schiffgraben (Hanover)
On the one hand, the Schiffgraben is an inner-city street in Hanover . It runs between Aegidientorplatz and Emmichplatz ( music college ) and crosses Berliner Allee . On the other hand, the Schiffgraben is the watercourse that gave the street its name and has been piped under it since the middle of the 19th century.
history
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In the Middle Ages , today's street - as the name Schiffgraben suggests - was an artificially created waterway, which was laid in pipes under the street in the 19th century when the city was being expanded. The 9 km long waterway was a canal that was used to transport peat and wood from the Altwarmbüchener Moor to the city. 3 km of the watercourse are still preserved in the Eilenriede city forest . In the Groß-Buchholz district , it still flows uncased west of the Messeschnellweg from the Mittelland Canal to the level of the Schäferweg street.
The narrow canal, which with a width of three to five meters had the character of a ditch, began on Altwarmbüchener Moor and led over nine kilometers through the Eilenriede to the Aegidientor in Hanover. The purpose of the waterway was to transport peat and wood from the moor to the city, where it was used as fuel by a brick kiln. In the Middle Ages, the section between tax thief and Altwarmbüchen belonged to the fortification system of the Hanoverian Landwehr . In Low German , the waterway was called Schepgraben , in a city map from 1762 by Ernest Eberhard Braun ("Situation of the City of Hanover ...") with the spelling Scheepgraben .
Over time, the trench silted up and often ran out of water, making it impassable. In 1746 the city decided to start trading in peat as the price had increased due to a shortage of fuel. Hanover made the waterway passable again for peat ships by building locks. The peat farmers from Altwarmbüchen , who sold their fuel on Hanoverian markets, feared competition in the peat trade and sabotaged the trench by filling it up. Nevertheless, the work was completed. At the edges there were walkways for towing the peat barges. Each of the then six urban boats could transport up to 5000 peat sods. The journey on the nine-kilometer route took several days. The peat shipping was stopped in 1751. During the one-year occupation of Hanover in 1757 by French troops under Richelieu , the canal was completely neglected, so that it silted up again about 10 years after its expansion.
In the middle of the 19th century, the ship ditch in the inner city of Hanover was piped for the purpose of urban expansion and lies under the street. The water continues to flow underground. The stone balustrade that bordered the ship moat in the inner-city area was relocated and has since served as a boundary wall for several hundred meters on the Engesohde city cemetery in the southern part of the city.
present
The Schiffgraben in the Eilenriede city forest has been preserved best and for its greatest length . It flows as one of several watercourses over a length of about three kilometers between the music college and the forest restaurant Steuerdieb . On the last stretch near the city center, the water has dried up because its water is diverted to other trenches in the Eilenriede through a weir. The water has also been preserved in Groß-Buchholz near the Messeschnellweg between Weidetorkreisel and Mittelland Canal .
In terms of water quality, the Schiffgraben was last classified as critically polluted in 2003, as were the other Eilenriede moats. This is due to polluted rain inflows from commercial and road traffic areas. The leaves that have fallen into the watercourse consume large amounts of oxygen, which is reflected in the formation of (oxygen-free) digested sludge.
literature
- Oskar Ulrich : Ship ditch. In: Christian Ulrich Grupen , Mayor of Hanover Old Town 1692–1767. A contribution to the history of the German urban system in the 18th century . Publication of the Association for the History of the City of Hanover. Hanover: Ernst Geibel, 1913, pp. 174–186.
- Anton Scholand: On the history of the Altwarmbüchener Moor near Hanover, with special consideration of its western runoff, the ship ditch In: Communications of the Provincial Office for Natural Monument Preservation Hanover, No. 2, 1929.
- Anton Scholand : The ship ditch. In: Yearbook of the Hannoversche Heimatfreunde e. V. , 1941, pp. 63-70.
- Martina Scheitenberger: The Altwarmbüchener Moor is changing - from peat digging to a local recreation area. Nordhannoversches Bauernhaus Museum Isernhagen eV, Luck Druck, Isernhagen 1984, 1997.
- Horst Kruse: The development of the suburb of Hanover since 1315 using the example of the development of the shore properties of the ship ditch from the moor to the Masch and the house owners until 1979. In: Materials on the local history of Hanoverian districts , Vol. 19, Gehrden-Everloh: Selbstverlag, 2003, Pp. 7-9 and so on.
- Gerd Weiß, Marianne Zehnpfennig: Schiffgraben and former Georg-Stadt / Marien-Stadt (cf. 09 Oststadt / 04 Südstadt). In: Monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany , architectural monuments in Lower Saxony, City of Hanover, part 1, vol. 10.1, ed. by Hans-Herbert Möller , Lower Saxony State Administration Office - publications by the Institute for Monument Preservation , Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig / Wiesbaden 1983, ISBN 3-528-06203-7 , pp. 76-79 and others; as well as: Mitte and Oststadt in the addendum directory of architectural monuments acc. § 4 ( NDSchG ) (except for architectural monuments of the archaeological monument preservation), as of July 1, 1985, City of Hanover, Lower Saxony State Administration Office - publications of the Institute for Monument Preservation , p. 3ff., 11f.
- Helmut Knocke , Hugo Thielen : Schiffgraben. In: Hannover Art and Culture Lexicon , p. 191ff.
- Waldemar R. Röhrbein : Schiffgraben. In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein (eds.) U. a .: City Lexicon Hanover . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , p. 541.
Web links
- Schiffgraben in the Lower Saxony Monument Atlas
- Interactive 360 ° panorama photo of the ship moat and the surrounding area
Coordinates: 52 ° 22 ′ 30 ″ N , 9 ° 45 ′ 0 ″ E