Latö Chang
Latö Chang ( Tib .: la stod byang ; "Northern Latö") was the name of one of the thirteen Tibetan ten thousand communities (Tib .: khri skor bcu gsum ), with whose help Sakya in the 13th and 14th centuries. Century administered Tibet .
Sources
The most important narrative source on the history of the Latö Chang ten thousand is the "Changpa Lhodagpö Dungrab" (Tib .: byang pa lho bdag po'i gdung rabs ; "the family history of Changpa and Lhodag"). "Changpa" denotes the ruler of Latö Chang and "Lhodag" the ruler of Latö Lho . Furthermore, there are extensive documents relating to the valley through which the Müchu (Tib .: mus chu ) flowed and which formed the eastern part of the Changpa domain. Documentary sources on the history of the principality itself are only available in extracts.
history
Latö Chang was founded around 1265 at the time of the 7th Sakya Thridzin Chögyel Phagpa on the northern Tsangpo side (tib .: gtsang po ) in the greater Ngamring (tib .: ngam ring ) area.
The ten thousand people were led by the "Changpa" (Tib .: byang pa ; "Northern [Lord]") or "Changdag" (Tib .: byang bdag ; "In the north [commanding] ruler"), whose family line refers to the sex of the Rulers of Minyag (Tib .: mi nyag ). After the suppression of their empire, the descendants of the Minyag are said to have fled to Tibet and settled there in the Ngamring region, where they ruled as aristocrats over a relatively small area. Since they also became Lords of Gifts of the Sakyapa , they received the title "Yonchen" (Tib .: yon chen ; "Great Lord of Gifts"). With the supremacy of the Sakyapa in Tibet established by Qubilai Qan , they were then appointed as their close confidante to "Princes over Northern Latö". They established the " Ngamring Chöde " (Tib .: ngam ring chos sde ), which followed the Sakya system and was one of the great monastic schools of Tibet at that time and was to produce numerous important scholars. By during the fragmentation of power of Sakyapa in "four Lama residences" (Tib .: bla brang ; "Ladrang") under Sangpo Pel (Tib .: bzang po dpal ; 1261 to 1323) close Marriage connections to Lhakhang Ladrang (Tib. : lha khang bla brang ), their participation in Sakya's power increased. As a result, they provided several "Tishri" (tib .: ti shri ; " imperial teacher ") and Sakya Pönchen (tib .: sa skya dpon chen ; " general in the service of Sakya").
The uncompromising attitude and striving for power of the Changpa contributed significantly to the collapse of Sakya's power in the mid-14th century. Under the Phagmo Dru ruler Situ Changchub Gyeltshen (Tib .: si tu byang chub rgyal mtshan ; 1302–1364) the area of power and influence of the Changpa were considerably reduced. Due to internal disputes and the unwise policy of the last holder of the throne, Latö Chang finally came under the control of the " Tsangpa Desi " (Tib .: gtsang pa sde srid ) around 1620 , until it was around 1644 at the time of the 5th Dalai Lama (1617–1682). was integrated into the domain of the government of Ganden Phodrang (Tib .: dga 'ldan pho brang ).
Namgyel Dragpa Sangpo (Tib .: rnam rgyal grags pa bzang po ; 1395–1475), who led the life of a monk in spite of his ruling functions, achieved particular fame among the rulers of Latö Chang . He was one of the great religious figures of Tibet in the 15th century and also became famous for his Kalachakra tantra writings .
literature
- Karl-Heinz Everding and Dawa Dargyay Dzongphugpa: The Tibetan Principality of La stod lHo (around 1265-1642). The history of domination alongside an edition of the Shel dkar chos' byung. Dr. Ludwig Reichert-Verlag, Wiesbaden 2006.
- Karl-Heinz Everding: Rulers' certificates from the time of the Mongolian Empire for Tibetan noble houses, clergy and monasteries. Part 2: Diplomata Tibetica. The fourteen documents for the Thousandship of Mus, with a study of the historical development of the Mus chu valley in western gTsang between the 12th and 15th centuries . IITBS, hall 2006.
- Alfonsa Ferrari: mKhyen brtse's Guide to the Holy Places of Central Tibet . Rome 1958.
- Luciano Petech: Central Tibet and the Mongols . Rome 1990.
- Elliot Sperling: Miscellaneous Remarks on the Lineage of the Byang La-stod . China Tibetology (Special Issue), pp. 272-277.
- Giuseppe Tucci: Tibetan Painted Scrolls . 3 vols. Rome 1949.