Reading strategy
Reading strategies should help the reader to understand the content of still unknown texts . Among the main reading strategies of "overflying reading " include skimming and scanning .
Skimming
With skimming ( English to skim , to skim, to fly over ), the main thing is to collect initial reading impressions and to get an initial orientation about what the text is about. The typical key questions include:
- Which type of text is it?
- Which area is the text assigned to?
- What do subheadings / subheadings and other layout features reveal ?
- Which key terms appear more often in the text?
Scanning
When scanning ( english to scan , scan, scan, search ' ), it is primarily a question of understanding certain information. This means that the text is searched specifically for certain aspects. These can be certain keywords or thoughts , for example .
Reading strategies for "understanding reading"
There are also strategies for the more intensive acquisition of knowledge in texts, such as the SQ3R method from FP Robinson and its extensions such as PQ4R and SQ4R . In various steps, sequences are defined that serve to better understand and retain content. These are also study techniques .
Other reading strategies and listening strategies are available in numerous variations, as the following table shows:
abbreviation | application | Label or steps | author |
---|---|---|---|
CT-RA | Creative Thinking- Reading Activities | Haggard, 1986 | |
DRA | Directed Reading Activity | Betts (1946) | |
DR-TA | Directed Reading-Thinking Activity | Stauffer (1975) | |
FLIP | Flip, Look, Information, Predict | ||
EVOKER | Reading prose, poetry, dramas | Explore, vocabulary, oral reading, key ideas, evaluate | Walter Pauk |
OK4R | Overview, Key ideas, Read, Recall, Reflect, Review | Walter Pauk | |
OK5R | |||
C2R | Concentrate, Read, Remember | ||
C&S | Clary and Sheppo | ||
PREP | Read | Prereading plan | |
CATAPULT | Covers, Author, Title, Audience Page 1, Underlying message, Look at features, Time, place, important people | ||
TELL | Title, exam, look, look | ||
HIP | Headings, Introducion, Prediction | ||
PQRST | Preview, Question, Read, Summarize, Test | ||
RAP | Read, ask, put | ||
REAP | Read, Encode, Annotate, Ponder | ||
PANORAMA | Purpose, Adapting rate to material, Need to pose questions, Overview, Read & Relate, Annotate, Memorize, Assess | ||
SQRQCQ | Survey, Question, Read, Question, Compute, Question | ||
SQP2RS | Survey, Question, Predict, Read, Respond, Summarize | ||
PQ3R | Preview, Question, Read, Recite, Review | ||
T 4 | Technique four | ||
PARS | Purpose, Ask, Read, Summarize | ||
SQRW | Survey, Question, Read, Write | ||
PSC | Preview, study, check | ||
OARWET | Overview, Ask, Read, Write, Evaluate, Test | Norman (1968) | |
THIEVES | Title, headings, introduction, every first sentence of each paragraph, visuals and vocabulary, end-of-chapter question, summary | Manz (2002) |
Trainability of reading strategies
In principle, it is possible to train reading strategies. There are also numerous successful and proven strategy training courses, e.g. B. the text detectives from Andreas Gold .
See also
literature
- Promotion of text comprehension. Examination of the differential effectiveness of a strategy-oriented teaching program . Kovac, Hamburg 2006, ISBN 3-8300-2526-2 .
Web links
- Info sheet about the MURDER scheme (PDF file; 109 kB) ( Memento from August 28, 2019 in the Internet Archive )
- for reading strategy training text detectives
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Early Adolescence to Early Adulthood: Selected Papers from the 20th International Conference of the Association for Children and Adults with Learning Disabilities . Syracuse University Press, 1984, ISBN 978-0-8156-2301-4 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
- ↑ CT-TA
- ↑ a b Comprehension Instruction, Second Edition: Research-Based Best Practices . Guilford Press, 2008, ISBN 978-1-60623-782-3 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed May 28, 2015]).
- ↑ DR-TA adlit.org
- ^ Language Arts: Integrating Skills for Classroom Teaching . SAGE Publications, 2008, ISBN 978-1-4833-0212-6 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed May 28, 2015]).
- ↑ More Tools for Teaching Content Literacy . Stenhouse Publishers, 2008, ISBN 978-1-57110-771-8 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
- ^ Cognitive Strategy Research: Educational Applications . Springer Science & Business Media, 2012, ISBN 978-1-4612-5519-2 ( limited preview in Google book search).
- ↑ Handbook of Intelligence: Evolutionary Theory, Historical Perspective, and Current Concepts . Springer, 2014, ISBN 978-1-4939-1562-0 ( limited preview in Google book search).
- ↑ Content Area Reading: A Heuristic Approach . LiteracyLeaders, 1990, ISBN 978-0-675-20652-5 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
- ↑ a b c Close Reading of Informational Texts: Assessment-Driven Instruction in Grades 3-8 . Guilford Press, 2012, ISBN 978-1-4625-0787-0 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
- ^ A b c Teach Well, Live Well: Strategies for Success . SAGE Publications, 2009, ISBN 978-1-4129-5575-1 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
- ↑ Didactic dictionary: Dictionary of technical terms from "image didactics" to "draft horse effect" . Oldenbourg Verlag, 2001, ISBN 978-3-486-25787-8 ( limited preview in Google book search).
- ^ A Text Book of Scientific and Technical Communication Writing for Engineers and Professionals . Sarup & Sons, 2007, ISBN 978-81-7625-751-0 ( limited preview in Google book search).
- ↑ Guiding Readers Through Text: Strategy Guides for New Times . International Reading Assoc., 2007, ISBN 978-0-87207-681-5 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).