Lex Villonensis

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The Lex Villonensis is the Flavian town charter of the ancient Hispanic city ​​of Villo (or Villona or Villonum), which was probably granted under Emperor Domitian in the years 81 to 96 AD. The town charter originally comprised eleven panels divided into two columns, of which only about 20 individual fragments from both columns of panel VIII and two pieces, presumably from panel III, have survived. Except for individual numbers, the place names, a few abbreviations and variations of the orthography, the text literally matches those of the Lex Irnitana and Lex Malacitana and Lex Salpensana . It reproduces parts of sections 27 and 28 as well as sections 68 to 70 and the heading of section 71 and mentions the name VILLONENSIS in at least three different places.

Some of the fragments are stored in the Archaeological Museum of Seville. A transcription is available online.

description

  • Material: bronze
  • individual fragments a maximum of about 8 cm by 12 cm wide or high
  • Estimated total width of the board: 60 cm
  • estimated total height of the table: 96 cm
  • Thickness: 0.6 cm to 0.7 cm

The text was arranged in two columns. The height of the letters is 6 mm, the distance between the lines about 3 mm. Two fragments show that the left and right margins were about 8 cm to 9 cm wide.

discovery

Distribution of the fragments in the transcribed text

After the publication of the Lex Irnitana from 1982 onwards, already known bronze fragments with Latin inscriptions in museums and publications could be examined for textual matches with this Lex Flavia municipalis in order to track down further copies of the Flavian municipal law of other municipalities.

The oldest find, which is now considered to belong to the Lex Villonensis, was described by Antoine Héron de Villefosse in 1896. In 1964 Álvaro D'Ors published another fragment in connection with the Lex Ursonensis. Four further fragments were discovered in 1983 during excavations 7 km south of La Puebla de Cazalla near Seville and 2.5 km in a straight line from the Corbones River on the farm 'Rancho de la Estacada' and published by Julián González and D'Ors. The incorrect assignment of these fragments to a stated 'Lex Basilipponensis' was based on the reading of the sequence of letters ]. . . ONE [ as ] LIPONE [ in Basi] lipone [nsis instead of ] ILLONE [ in V] illone [nsis. Some of the fragments are still listed in epigraphic databases at this historical location.

These fragments and others from the holdings of the Archaeological Museum in Seville were summarized and republished in 1991 by its director Fernando Fernández Gómez. Other pieces were later identified, for example in 1994 by Umberto Laffi and in 2002 by Antonio Caballos Rufino and Fernando Fernández Gómez.

content

In terms of content and text, the fragments of rubrics 27 and 28 as well as 63 to 70 and 71 correspond to those of Lex Irnitana. The sections are not numbered.

Reading sample

( LA )

56 -R- de pecunia communi municipum deque rationibus
57 eorumdem
58 At quem pecunia communis municipum eius municipii pervenerit
59 heresve eius isve at quem ea res pertinebit in diebus XXX 60 proximis quibus ea pecunia ad eum perveneri T IN PVII 61 blicum municipum eiu S MVN EAM R ef ERTOR 62 quique rationes c OM mu NES NEGOTIVMVE QVOT COM 63 mune municipum EIIUS MVNICIPII Gesserit TRAC 64 taverit is heresve EISVS ISVE AD QVEM EA res PERTINE 65 bit in diebus XXX per XVMIS QVIBVS EA negotia EASVE 66 rationes gerere tractare DESIERIT quibusque d ECURIO 67 nes conscriptive HABEBVNTVR RAT iones Edito red DITO 68 que decurion IBVS CONSCRIPTIS ve cuive de i (i) s AccI 69 piendis cogn OSCENDIS EX DECR eto decurionum con- 70 script ORVMVE QVOD DEC retum factum erit cum 71 eor VM PARTES NON minus quam duae tertiae 72 ad ESSENT NEGOT ium datum erit. By quem- 73 te RIT QVO Minus ita pecunia redigeretur














 1 referretur quove minus it A RATIONE s redderentur is
 2 que M STETERIT QVO M inus RATIONES RED derentur quove mini-  3 nus PECVNIA REDIGER etur REFERRETVR heresque eius isque  4 at q VEM ER QVA DE AGI tur PERTINEBIT quanti ea res erit  5 tan TUM ET ALTERVM tant UM MVNI cipibus eiu S M unici-  6 pii dare D E EIIVS que pec VNIAE DE que ea pe CVNIA M u-  7 nici PVM MVN icipii Flavi V ILLONE nsis q VI VOLET CV ique per  8 hl li CEBIT actio petitio p ERSECV tio es TO .







( DE )

56 rubric. Citizens' money and reports
57 about it.
58 To whom money the citizen of this community gets,
59 whose inheritance or to whom it gets, it must be returned
to the community
61 of the citizens within 30 days 60 after this money has got to him .
62 Who has conducted <money> business for the municipality or negotiations
63 for the citizens of this municipality,
64 whose inheritance or to whom it has passed,
65 it is 30 days after the end of negotiations
66 or business transactions when the municipal councils
67 had gathered to submit a report to
whoever 68 the local councils have determined to meet
and take note of it, according to a decree
70 of the local councils, which was resolved when
no less than two thirds of them
were present . Who is responsible for
73 that the money is not returned
(change of column)
 1 or the statement of accounts is not presented
 2 {who is responsible for ensuring that the
 statement of accounts or 3 the money is not handed over}, his inheritance or
 4 who it goes to, is as much as it is worth
 5 and
 owes as much to the citizens of the municipality 6 and every citizen
 7 of the municipium flavi Villonensis who wants to and
 is able to do so by virtue of 8 this law can claim and enforce this money .
(The ORIGINAL TEXT of the Lex Villonensis with the presumed text additions based on the Lex Irnitana, rubric 67, as well as a free translation. From line 2 of column B beginning with M STETERIT QVO M is the fragment that was published in 1896; in line 7 of the column B is the critical point ] ... ONE [ which is now interpreted as V] ILLONE [nensis.)

Holdings in the Archaeological Museum of Seville

The inventory numbers published in the Seville Archaeological Museum were 11,135, 1982/150, 1990/66 to 1990/84 and 1990/141. They are currently not available via the online search of the Spanish museums (as of March 2016).

credentials

  1. ^ A b Julián González: Lex Villonensis . In: Antonio Blanco Freijeiro (Ed.): Habis . No. 23 . Secr. d. Publ. Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 1992, ISSN  0210-7694 , p. 97–119 (Spanish, online [PDF]).
  2. ^ Antonio Caballos Rufino: Publicación de documentos públicos en las ciudades del Occidente romano: el ejemplo de la Bética . In: Rudolf Haensch (ed.): Self-presentation and communication. The publication of state documents in stone and bronze in the Roman world . Vestigia. tape 61 . CH Beck, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-406-58287-5 .
  3. ↑ Dr. Yves Lassard: Lex municipii Flavii Villonensis (CILA II, 4, 1206). Retrieved March 27, 2016 (Latin).
  4. ↑ NN: Hispania Epigraphica / undefined Inscription / Record No. 5060. Retrieved March 26, 2016 .
  5. ↑ Antoine Héron de Villefosse: M. de Bourgade ... In: C. Klingensieck (ed.): Bulletin de la Société nationale des antiquaires de France . Paris 1896, minutes of the meeting from December 16, 1896, p. 349 f . (French, online ).
  6. ^ Carl Georg Bruns (ed.): Fontes Iures Romani Antiqui . VII edition. Tübingen 1909, Cap. IV num. 31 Fragmentum legis Hispaniensis, p. 157 (Latin, online [PDF]).
  7. ↑ Álvaro D'Ors: Miscelánea epigráfica. Un nuevo fragmento de ley municipal . In: Emerita . No. 32 , 1964, ISSN  0013-6662 , pp. 103-106 .
  8. ↑ Julián González: La lex municipii Flavii Basilipponensis . In: Studia et Documenta Historiae et Iuris (SDHI) . No. 49 , 1983, ISSN  1026-9169 , pp. 395 ff .
  9. ↑ Álvaro D'Ors: La ley municipal de Basilipo . In: Emerita . No. 53 , 1985, ISSN  0013-6662 , pp. 31-41 (Spanish, online ).
  10. ↑ a b Fernando Fernández Gómez: Nuevos fragmentos de leyes municipales y otros bronces epigraficos de la Betica en el Museo Arqueologico de Sevilla . In: Journal of Papyrology and Epigraphy . No. 86 , 1991, ISSN  0084-5388 , pp. 121–136 (Spanish, online [PDF]).
  11. ↑ Umberto Laffi: Osservazioni sul testo dell inizio del capitulo <LXIX> della Lex Irnitana, alla luce di un nuovo frammento della Lex Villonensis . In: Journal of Papyrology and Epigraphy . No. 103 , 1994, ISSN  0084-5388 , pp. 147–153 (Italian, online [PDF]).
  12. ^ Antonio Caballos Rufino, Fernando Fernández Gómez: Nuevos Testimonios Andaluces de la Legislación municipal flavia . In: Journal of Papyrology and Epigraphy . No. 141 , 2002, ISSN  0084-5388 , núm. XII, p. 261-280 (Spanish).
  13. ↑ Red Digital de Colecciones de Museos de España> Búsqueda Avanzada. Retrieved March 24, 2016 (Spanish).