Lex Villonensis
The Lex Villonensis is the Flavian town charter of the ancient Hispanic city of Villo (or Villona or Villonum), which was probably granted under Emperor Domitian in the years 81 to 96 AD. The town charter originally comprised eleven panels divided into two columns, of which only about 20 individual fragments from both columns of panel VIII and two pieces, presumably from panel III, have survived. Except for individual numbers, the place names, a few abbreviations and variations of the orthography, the text literally matches those of the Lex Irnitana and Lex Malacitana and Lex Salpensana . It reproduces parts of sections 27 and 28 as well as sections 68 to 70 and the heading of section 71 and mentions the name VILLONENSIS in at least three different places.
Some of the fragments are stored in the Archaeological Museum of Seville. A transcription is available online.
description
- Material: bronze
- individual fragments a maximum of about 8 cm by 12 cm wide or high
- Estimated total width of the board: 60 cm
- estimated total height of the table: 96 cm
- Thickness: 0.6 cm to 0.7 cm
The text was arranged in two columns. The height of the letters is 6 mm, the distance between the lines about 3 mm. Two fragments show that the left and right margins were about 8 cm to 9 cm wide.
discovery
After the publication of the Lex Irnitana from 1982 onwards, already known bronze fragments with Latin inscriptions in museums and publications could be examined for textual matches with this Lex Flavia municipalis in order to track down further copies of the Flavian municipal law of other municipalities.
The oldest find, which is now considered to belong to the Lex Villonensis, was described by Antoine Héron de Villefosse in 1896. In 1964 Álvaro D'Ors published another fragment in connection with the Lex Ursonensis. Four further fragments were discovered in 1983 during excavations 7 km south of La Puebla de Cazalla near Seville and 2.5 km in a straight line from the Corbones River on the farm 'Rancho de la Estacada' and published by Julián González and D'Ors. The incorrect assignment of these fragments to a stated 'Lex Basilipponensis' was based on the reading of the sequence of letters ]. . . ONE [ as ] LIPONE [ in Basi] lipone [nsis instead of ] ILLONE [ in V] illone [nsis. Some of the fragments are still listed in epigraphic databases at this historical location.
These fragments and others from the holdings of the Archaeological Museum in Seville were summarized and republished in 1991 by its director Fernando Fernández Gómez. Other pieces were later identified, for example in 1994 by Umberto Laffi and in 2002 by Antonio Caballos Rufino and Fernando Fernández Gómez.
content
In terms of content and text, the fragments of rubrics 27 and 28 as well as 63 to 70 and 71 correspond to those of Lex Irnitana. The sections are not numbered.
Reading sample
( LA )
56 -R- de pecunia communi municipum deque rationibus 1 referretur quove minus it A RATIONE s redderentur is |
( DE )
56 rubric. Citizens' money and reports |
(The ORIGINAL TEXT of the Lex Villonensis with the presumed text additions based on the Lex Irnitana, rubric 67, as well as a free translation. From line 2 of column B beginning with M STETERIT QVO M is the fragment that was published in 1896; in line 7 of the column B is the critical point ] ... ONE [ which is now interpreted as V] ILLONE [nensis.) |
Holdings in the Archaeological Museum of Seville
The inventory numbers published in the Seville Archaeological Museum were 11,135, 1982/150, 1990/66 to 1990/84 and 1990/141. They are currently not available via the online search of the Spanish museums (as of March 2016).
credentials
- ^ A b Julián González: Lex Villonensis . In: Antonio Blanco Freijeiro (Ed.): Habis . No. 23 . Secr. d. Publ. Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 1992, ISSN 0210-7694 , p. 97–119 (Spanish, online [PDF]).
- ^ Antonio Caballos Rufino: Publicación de documentos públicos en las ciudades del Occidente romano: el ejemplo de la Bética . In: Rudolf Haensch (ed.): Self-presentation and communication. The publication of state documents in stone and bronze in the Roman world . Vestigia. tape 61 . CH Beck, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-406-58287-5 .
- ↑ Dr. Yves Lassard: Lex municipii Flavii Villonensis (CILA II, 4, 1206). Retrieved March 27, 2016 (Latin).
- ↑ NN: Hispania Epigraphica / undefined Inscription / Record No. 5060. Retrieved March 26, 2016 .
- ↑ Antoine Héron de Villefosse: M. de Bourgade ... In: C. Klingensieck (ed.): Bulletin de la Société nationale des antiquaires de France . Paris 1896, minutes of the meeting from December 16, 1896, p. 349 f . (French, online ).
- ^ Carl Georg Bruns (ed.): Fontes Iures Romani Antiqui . VII edition. Tübingen 1909, Cap. IV num. 31 Fragmentum legis Hispaniensis, p. 157 (Latin, online [PDF]).
- ↑ Álvaro D'Ors: Miscelánea epigráfica. Un nuevo fragmento de ley municipal . In: Emerita . No. 32 , 1964, ISSN 0013-6662 , pp. 103-106 .
- ↑ Julián González: La lex municipii Flavii Basilipponensis . In: Studia et Documenta Historiae et Iuris (SDHI) . No. 49 , 1983, ISSN 1026-9169 , pp. 395 ff .
- ↑ Álvaro D'Ors: La ley municipal de Basilipo . In: Emerita . No. 53 , 1985, ISSN 0013-6662 , pp. 31-41 (Spanish, online ).
- ↑ a b Fernando Fernández Gómez: Nuevos fragmentos de leyes municipales y otros bronces epigraficos de la Betica en el Museo Arqueologico de Sevilla . In: Journal of Papyrology and Epigraphy . No. 86 , 1991, ISSN 0084-5388 , pp. 121–136 (Spanish, online [PDF]).
- ↑ Umberto Laffi: Osservazioni sul testo dell inizio del capitulo <LXIX> della Lex Irnitana, alla luce di un nuovo frammento della Lex Villonensis . In: Journal of Papyrology and Epigraphy . No. 103 , 1994, ISSN 0084-5388 , pp. 147–153 (Italian, online [PDF]).
- ^ Antonio Caballos Rufino, Fernando Fernández Gómez: Nuevos Testimonios Andaluces de la Legislación municipal flavia . In: Journal of Papyrology and Epigraphy . No. 141 , 2002, ISSN 0084-5388 , núm. XII, p. 261-280 (Spanish).
- ↑ Red Digital de Colecciones de Museos de España> Búsqueda Avanzada. Retrieved March 24, 2016 (Spanish).