Lex Salpensana
The Lex Salpensana is a bronze plaque containing part of the Flavian town charter of the ancient Hispanic city of Salpensa, which was granted between AD 81 and 96 (probably AD 82 to 84) under Emperor Domitian . Salpensa was in what is now the municipality of Utrera in the province of Seville . The text of the Lex Salpensana contains sections 21 to 29 and provides an insight into the organization of the municipalities in the Hispanic province of Baetica of the Roman Empire in the 1st century AD.
Originally, the town charter of Salpensa comprised several boards that were attached to a publicly accessible place at eye level.
Comparable archaeological finds are the Lex Malacitana and the Lex Irnitana , whose text corresponds literally to the rubrics of the Lex Salpensana except for the place names and individual numbers. It is believed that the three have a common template: the Lex flavia municipalis or Lex Lati .
The plaque is exhibited in the National Archaeological Museum of Madrid .
description
- Material: bronze
- Width: 93.5 cm
- Height: 75 cm
The text is arranged in two columns about 3.5 cm apart. The letter height is about 0.3 cm to 0.5 cm; the distance between the lines is about 0.7 cm.
discovery
At the end of October 1851, the plaque of Lex Salpensana and a plaque of Lex Malacitana were handed over to a metal workshop in Málaga by those who found them, ignorant of their scientific value, to be melted down there. El Ejido, which is now a district of Málaga, was given as the site. It can no longer be clarified why both tablets were found together: Salpensa was about 130 km away from the place of discovery in the area of today's municipality of Utrera . The workshop owners secured the tablets by selling them to the dignitary Jorge Loring y Oyarzábal, a wealthy Málaga citizen (railway magnate and bank founder). The contents of both panels were first discussed by his brother-in-law, Dr. Manuel Rodríguez de Berlanga, published in 1853. The standard edition is the edition by Theodor Mommsen published in 1855 . The panels were initially exhibited in the private museum Museo Loringiano in Málaga. Since 1897 the tablets of the Lex Salpensana and the Lex Malacitana belong to the inventory of the National Archaeological Museum of Madrid ; copies are still being made in Malaga.
Dating
The table names imperial decrees in sections 22 to 26 and contains oaths that list the names of deceased emperors except for Titus and, as the current emperor, name Caesar Domitianus Augustus pater patriae . This means that the text can be reliably dated to the reign of Domitian from 81 AD to 96 AD. Because the additional title Germanicus , which Domitian claimed from mid-83 AD and has always used since spring 84 AD, does not appear in the text, the period from mid-AD 82 to early AD 84 is assumed to be the period of origin.
content
The text begins with the second part of heading 21, which grants the officials of the community and their families Roman citizenship after the end of their term of office . R. 21 The following are individual provisions in connection with this change in citizenship. R. 22 and 23 In addition to the Duovire , two special forms are placed: a prefect of the emperor who (according to the decurions) rules instead of the office holders elected for a year, R. 24 and a prefect who is to be appointed by a Duovir, if he wants to leave the church for more than a day. R. 25 Furthermore, the oath is prescribed, which must be taken by the public officials. R. 26 The following section opens up a veto right of the duoviri, aediles and quaestors against each other or, in the case of the duoviri and aediles, against the lower office level. R. 27 The following tasks of the Duoviri: Participation in the release of slaves R. 28 and the appointment of a guardian R. 29 .
| List of the individual chapters | ||
| category | text | translation |
|---|---|---|
| 21st | [ R. Ut magistratus civitatem Romanam consequantur. ] | [That the officials acquire Roman citizenship ] (The inscription begins roughly in the middle of this column) |
| 22nd | R. Ut qui civitatem Romanam consequentur maneant in eorum dem manu mancupio potestate. | That those who acquire Roman citizenship keep their legal relationships with regard to manus , mancipium and domestic power |
| 23 | R. Ut qui civitatem Romanam consequentur iura libertorum retineant. | That those who acquire Roman citizenship keep their legal relationships with those released |
| 24 | R. De praefecto Imp (eratoris) Caesaris Domitiani Aug (usti). | About the prefect of the emperor Domitian |
| 25th | R. De iure praefecti qui a IIviro relictus sit. | On the Rights of a prefect, who from a duumvir was used |
| 26th | R. De iure iurando IIvirorum et aedilium et quaestorum. | On the oath of the duumvirs , aediles and quaestors |
| 27 | R. De intercessione IIvirorum et aedilium et quaestorum. | About objections of the duumvirs , aediles and quaestors |
| 28 | R. De servis aput IIviros manumittendis. | About the release of slaves from the Duum virus |
| 29 | R. De tutorum datione. | About appointing a guardian |
Reading sample
| ( LA )
|
( DE )
|
| (Original text Lex Salpensana, Section 26, FREE translation) | |
Holdings in the National Archaeological Museum of Madrid
Inv no. 18632 (only surviving plaque)
Web links
- Image of the text
- Facsimile of the text
- Transcription of the text
credentials
- ↑ AE 2001, +01205
- ↑ a b c Theodor Mommsen: The city rights of the Latin communities Salpensa and Malaca . In: Treatises of the Royal Saxon Society of Sciences, Philological-Historical Class . tape III. . Teubner, Leipzig 1857, OCLC 3585520 , p. 359-507 ( digitized version ).
- ^ A b Julián González: The lex Irnitana: a new copy of the Flavian municipal law . In: The Journal of Roman Studies . tape 76 , 1986, pp. 147-243 ( online ).
- ↑ Joseph Georg Wolf (ed.): The Lex Irnitana: a Roman city law from Spain . Darmstadt 2011, ISBN 978-3-534-24597-0 .
- ^ Wolfgang Dieter Lebek: The municipal curiae or Domitian as republicans ... In: Journal for papyrology and epigraphy . No. 107 . Publishing house Rudolf Habelt, Bonn 1995, p. 135-194 ( online [PDF]).
- ↑ Rodríguez Oliva Quoted from Pérez: La Lex Flavia Malacitana, cuya copia se exhibe en la Aduana, fue salvada de la fundición por la familia Loring . In: Diario Sur . December 26, 2006, ISSN 2173-0261 ( online ).
- ↑ Rodríguez de Berlanga y Rosado, Manuel: Estudios sobre los dos bronces Finderados en Malaga á fines de Octubre de 1851 . Málaga 1853, OCLC 643825405 ( digitized ).
- ↑ Mélida, JR: Revista de Archivos, Bibliotecas y Museos . tape 1897 . Imp. Del Colegio Nacional de Sordomundos y de Ciegos, Madrid 1897, OCLC 18935737 , p. 522 ( archive.org ).
- ↑ Lex Salpensana / Record No. 1599 / Ley / jurídica. In: Hispania Epigraphica. Retrieved April 16, 2016 .