List of Turkish, Caucasian, Cossack and Crimean Tatar associations in the Axis Powers

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The list of Turkish, Caucasian, Cossack and Crimean Tatar associations in the Axis Powers includes the military units that were formed during the Second World War and were made up of non-Russian volunteers from the Soviet Union who fought on the side of the Axis powers , primarily the German Empire . These units were often under the command of German officers, and some published their own propaganda publications for recruitment purposes . In detail, these were the following units and publications (broken down by region):

Middle East and Central Asia

  • Legion Free Arabia (Arab Volunteers)
    • German-Arabic teaching department (Arabic volunteers)
    • German-Arab Battalion No. 845 (Arab Volunteers)
  • East Turkish Weapons Association of the SS or 1st East Muslim SS Regiment (Central Asian volunteers)
  • Volunteer Tribe Regiment 1 (Turkish Volunteers)

Azerbaijani, Georgian and Armenian volunteers

  • Armenian Legion (Armenian Volunteers)
  • Azerbaijani Legion (Azerbaijani volunteers)
  • 30th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (Russian No. 2)
  • Caucasian-Mohammedan Legion (Azerbaijani, Dagestani, Chechen, Ingush and Lesgin volunteers)
  • Georgian Legion (Georgian Volunteers)
  • Volunteer Tribe Regiment 1 (Georgian Volunteers)
  • Volunteer Tribe Regiment 2 (Armenians and Azerbaijanis)
  • Special Association of Miners (Georgian and Azerbaijani volunteers)
    • I. Special Association of Miners Battalion (Georgian volunteers)
    • II. Special Association of Miners Battalion (Azerbaijani volunteers)
  • SS-Waffengruppe Georgia (Georgian volunteers)
  • SS-Waffengruppe Armenia
  • SS-Waffengruppe Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani volunteers)

North Caucasian volunteers

  • SS Caucasian Arms Association or Volunteer Brigade North Caucasus
  • Nordic Legion (North Caucasian Legion) (volunteers from the North Caucasus region)
  • Volunteer Tribe Regiment 1 (North Caucasian Volunteers)
  • SS-Waffengruppe North Caucasus (North Caucasian volunteers; Chechens, Ingush and Dagestani)

Central Asian volunteers

  • 162nd (Turkestan) Infantry Division (Turkestan volunteers)
  • Muslim SS Division New Turkestan (Turkestan volunteers)
  • Turkestan Legion (volunteers from Central Asia; Uzbeks , Kazakhs and Turkmens )
  • Böhler Brigade (Turkestan volunteers)
  • 1st Turkestan Labor Battalion (Turkestan Volunteers)
  • 2nd Turkestan Labor Battalion (Turkestan Volunteers)
  • 3rd Turkestan Labor Battalion (Turkestan Volunteers)
  • Turkestan Labor Replacement Battalion (Turkestan Volunteers)
  • Arms Group Turkistan (Central Asian Volunteers)

Kalmuck volunteers

  • Kalmüken Association Dr. Doll (Kalmuck volunteer)
  • Abwehrtrupp 103 (Kalmuck volunteers)
  • Kalmuck Legion and Kalmuck Cavalry Corps (Kalmuck volunteers)

Tatar volunteers

  • Tatar Legion
  • SS-Waffengruppe Idel-Ural (Turkvolk Volga / Ural region)
  • Waffen Mountain Brigade of the SS (Tatar No. 1)
  • 30th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (Russian No. 2) (Armenian and Tatar volunteer units)
  • Volga Tatar Legion (Volga Tatars; but also other volunteers from the region)
  • Tatar Mountain Infantry Regiment of the SS (Volunteers of the Crimean Tatars)
  • Arms Group Crimea (Crimean Tatar Volunteers)
  • Crimean protection team (Crimean Tatar volunteers)

Volunteer Cossacks

  • Cossack Cavalry Division (voluntary Cossacks in Cherson , from February 1945 XV. SS Cossack Cavalry Corps)
  • Cossack Horsemen Brigade Caucasus II (volunteer Caucasus Cossacks)
  • Kuban Cossack Cavalry Regiment 3 (Volunteer Kuban Cossacks)
  • Don Cossack Cavalry Regiment 5 (voluntary Don Cossacks)
  • Terek Cossack Cavalry Regiment 6 (voluntary Terek Cossacks)
  • Cossack Artillery Regiment 2 (Cossack volunteer)
  • Siberian Cossack Cavalry Regiment 2 (voluntary Siberian Cossacks)
  • XV. Cossack Cavalry Corps (voluntary Kotelnikovo Cossacks)
  • Volunteer Tribe Regiment 5 (Volunteer Cossacks)

Caucasian mixed volunteer units

  • Volunteer Tribe Division (Georgian, Turkish, North Caucasian, Armenian, and Azerbaijani Volunteers)

Caucasian, Central Asian, Crimean and Ural Volunteer Units

  • Arms Group Turkistan
  • Arms group Idel-Ural
  • Arms Group Azerbaijan
  • Arms group Crimea

Propaganda newspapers for Caucasian and Cossack units

Azerbaijan

  • Azerbaijan , newspaper for the Azerbaijani Legion

Kalmykia

Cossacks

  • Kosaken-Illustrierte , 1st Cossack Cavalry Division (trilingual magazine)
  • La terra dei cosacchi (Cossack country), newspaper for Cossack units in Northern Italy (trilingual magazine)

Crimean Tatars

  • Kirim (translated: "Krim"), weekly for the volunteers of the Crimean Tatars , Berlin 1944–1945

Tatars

  • German-Tatar news paper, Volga-Tatar Legion, monthly, Berlin 1944–1945 (bilingual)

Turkestans

German commanders of Central Asian, Caucasian and Cossack units

Some of these German commanders also received honorary military titles; for example Helmuth von Pannwitz received the honorary title "Ataman" from his Cossack units. The following commanders are known:

  • Lieutenant General Helmuth von Pannwitz
  • Colonel Hans-Joachim von Schultz
  • Lieutenant Colonel Günther von Steinsdorff
  • Colonel of Ba'ath
  • Colonel Baron von Nolcken
  • Colonel Konstantin Wagner
  • Special Leader Othmar Rudolf Wyrba alias "Doll" (German, Tibetan and Mongolian language expert; leader of the Kalmück units)
  • Lieutenant Colonel Pipgorra
  • Colonel Raimund Hörst
  • SS-Obersturmbannführer Andreas Meyer-Mader
  • SS-Hauptsturmführer Cheap
  • SS-Hauptsturmführer Hermann
  • SS-Sturmbannführer of the reserve Franz Liebermann
  • SS-Hauptsturmführer Reiner Olzscha
  • SS-Hauptsturmführer Fürst
  • SS-Standartenführer Harun-el-Raschid Bey (of the Central Asian legions; was a German who converted to Islam by serving as an advisor to Enver Pasha )
  • Major General Oskar von Niedermayer
  • Lieutenant General Ralph von Heygendorff

German representative of the Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories

Central Asian, Caucasian and Cossack political leaders

  • Cossack ataman General Pyotr Krasnov
  • Cossack Ataman General Andrei Shkuro
  • Cossack ataman Vasili Glazkov
  • Kalmyk Prince Tundotov

Central Asian, Caucasian and Cossack Political Organizations

  • Cossack headquarters
  • National Karachai Committee

literature

  • Albert A. Denzler (2010-05-15): Crossroads Crimea 1939–1989 . Lulu.com. ISBN 9781445766010 .
  • Carlos Caballero Jurado (1985): Foreign volunteers of the Wehrmacht 1941–45 . London: Osprey. ISBN 0850455243 . OCLC 13216649.