Mössorna

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Mössorna ("the hats"), or Mösspartiet , was the name for a political party in Sweden in the 18th century. It was the counterforce to the so-called "hat party" ( hattarne ).

history

The name Mössorna was used as early as 1737 for the supporters of the Chancellery President Arvid Horn , but the establishment as a real political party did not take place until two years later, after the Chancellery president was dismissed. The main goal of the Mössorna was to prevent a declaration of war against Russia , whereupon the opposing side called them "soft night caps" ( nattmössor ). The Mössorna accused the hat party of wasting state funds, but in principle both parties were adherents of the mercantilist doctrine and there was no dispute over laws that affected the economy. Their followers wore the caps with higher officials, the aristocracy, with priests and farmers, with citizens of smaller cities as well as with small traders and craftsmen in the larger cities. They were split into a moderate part, which sought to get closer to the hats in order to maintain internal peace, and a conservative part, which was closely connected with Russia.

The party was defeated at the Diet of 1740, leading to a war against Russia , which Sweden lost. This meant an upswing for the hats, but at the next Reichstag in 1742 it became apparent that the party leadership was closely connected with the Russian ambassador Johann Albrecht von Korff , which diminished their reputation among the people. The party's highest representative, Samuel Åkerhielm, was dismissed, and after 1747 it was temporarily disbanded.

Start-up

In the 1750s, the hats were re-established. This time, however, the economic aspects of politics dominated. The hats' financial management and monetary policy were denounced, and their waste and partiality in the distribution of state funds was criticized. The hats were still a peace party, but the same could be said for the hats in the 1760s. Because of the tendencies towards tradition and the aversion to hats and France , the connections between Russian officials and hats increased again. At the Reichstag of 1765, the party emerged victorious and in 1772 they were in power when Gustav III. carried out his coup, which made the king again sole ruler in Sweden.