Mamunids

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The Khorezm oasis (greenish area) - the dominion of the Mamunids, with the capital Gurganj and Kath. Above the Aral Sea

The Mamuniden (Ma'mūniden) were a dynasty which of Gurgandsch over Khorezm reigned while the second dynasty the old title " Khorezm Shah led".

They were the last indigenous ruling dynasty of the rich oasis region.

history

After the conquest of Khorezm by the Muslim Arabs in 712 , an economic and political rivalry seems to have developed between Gurganj, which had risen to become a rich trading town, and the old regional center of Kath , where the Afrighids , who have ruled over Khorezm since 305, resided. This led to the country being divided into two competing spheres of power.

In 995 the Emir of Gurgandsch conquered Mamun, Kath and overthrew the Afrighids. He founded the Mamunid dynasty and moved the Khorezm capital to Gurganj. Mamun died in 997; he was followed by his son ʿAlī ibn Maʾmūn, who died in 1009.

With Maʾmūn ibn Maʾmūn or Ma'mun II. (Died 1017) the brief rule of the Mamunids reached its climax and Gurganj developed into one of the most brilliant centers of Islamic civilization . Ma'mun II surrounded himself with famous scholars such as al-Bīrūnī , Ibn Sina (known in the West as Avicenna ), Abu Sahl al-Masihi, Abu Nasr al-Arraq, Abu l-Chair al-Hasan ibn al-Chammar and Abu Mansur Abd al-Malik ath-Thalibi.

This cultural bloom and the award of Mamun II. With titles and gifts by the caliph aroused the envy of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazna (d. 1030), who urged Mamun to send the most outstanding scholars to his own court in Ghazna and thus also to rule the To recognize the Ghaznavids over Khorezm. The Shah had no choice but to submit to the Sultan. However, this led to an uprising by the Choresmians, which resulted in Mamun being killed and Mahmud having a reason to occupy Khorezm in 1017 and put an end to the rule of the Mamunids.

He incorporated Khorezm into his empire and founded the Altuntasid dynasty .

List of rulers

  • Abu Ali Mamun (I.) ibn Muhammad, or Maʾmūn ibn Muḥammad for short (ruled 995–997 under the suzerainty of the Samanids )
  • Abu ʼl-Hasan Ali ibn Mamun, ʿAlī ibn Maʾmūn for short (ruled 997–1008 / 9, initially under the rule of the Samanids, then de facto independent; evidenced by coins)
  • Abu ʼl-Abbas Mamun (II.) Ibn Mamun, short Maʾmūn ibn Maʾmūn (r. 1008 / 9-1017)
  • Abu ʼl-Harith Muhammad ibn Ali (r. 1017)

See also

Sources and literature

  • Karl Eduard Sachau : On the history and chronology of Khwârizm. In: SBWAW. lxxiii (1873)