Mandarin
Mandarin is a term coined by Fritz K. Ringer in 1969 for the social character of the typical European humanities and social scientist in the period from 1890 to 1933. The term was included in the social science discussion about the role of intellectuals . Correspondingly had Simone de Beauvoir the term in 1954 in its key novel The Mandarins used.
According to Ringer, the Mandarinentum refers to a social and cultural elite, "which primarily their educational qualifications and not wealth or inherited rights owes its status." With the Chinese name Mandarin term derived designates Ringer an autonomous social layer in the phase of transition from from a primarily agrarian to a fully industrialized society. In this phase large estates no longer give industrial capital a clear leading social status, so that education is given equal social status. In summary, Volker Kruse defines the Mandarin as an intelligentsia, "which develops its own social group consciousness, combined with an elitist self-image and the right to 'spiritual guidance'."
Individual evidence
- ^ Fritz K. Ringer: The scholars. The decline of the German mandarin 1890–1933. Stuttgart 1983 (English original 1969).
- ^ For example, by Hauke Brunkhorst : The intellectual in the land of the mandarine. Frankfurt am Main 1987.
- ↑ In this novel, however, she is limited to the milieu of left-wing intellectuals, cf. Simone de Beauvoir: The mandarins of Paris. Hamburg 1955, French Original 1954.
- ^ Fritz K. Ringer: The scholars. The decline of the German mandarin 1890–1933. Stuttgart 1983. p. 15.
- ↑ Volker Kruse: "History and Social Philosophy" or "Reality Science". Frankfurt am Main 1999, p. 66.