Marshaller
A Marshaller (complete: F light L ine M arshaller (FLM); German: Einwinker ) is a bottom-pilot at airports. The spatial working area of a flight line marshaler comprises the entire apron , including the taxiways of an airport, i.e. the routes to and from the runway , but not the runway.
tasks
Aircraft parked on airports at certain designated parking position ( engl. Parking spots ) to allow a smooth loading and unloading as well as an unproblematic passenger traffic. Pilots who fly in from all over the world may not know exactly where to taxi and park, despite their flight preparation. In order not to disrupt the overall flight operations, the marshaler shows the pilot the way directly. This prevents mistakes and accidents.
A marshaler is not only responsible for the deployment of the aircraft assigned to him by airport supervision on the apron and their fixation in the final parking position, but also for the smooth service process at the parking position (in particular positioning the various apron vehicles for the purpose of catering, refueling, Loading and unloading etc.). He is also responsible for general safety tasks on the apron.
European Union
Legal basis
In the European Union the Marshaller among other things, was for the standardization of tasks Implementing Regulation (EU) no. 923/2012 (short English Standardized European Rules of the Air , SERA ) from the European Commission adopted.
Tasks within the European Union
According to chapter 3 of the SERA regulation ( signals and signs, SERA.3301, general ),
- the crew of the aircraft must heed the signals and signals of the marshaler,
- Only the signals and symbols according to the SERA regulation (Appendix 1) may be used, have the meaning given there and if they are used, they may only be used for the stated purpose. No other signals or symbols may be used that could be confused with them,
- a marshaler is responsible for ensuring that the aircraft are given standardized waving-in signals in a clear and precise manner using the signals and signs listed in Appendix 1 of the SA Ordinance,
- may only work as marshalers who have been trained, qualified and approved in accordance with the relevant Union or national legislation,
- the marshaler has to wear a conspicuous fluorescent vest which enables the flight crew to recognize him as the person responsible for the waving-in,
- the ground staff responsible for signaling must use daylight fluorescent sticks, signal tines or gloves between sunrise and sunset. Use glow sticks at night or when visibility is poor.
Characteristics of a marshaler
Even internationally, the clothing of the Marshallers usually consists of an overall with a vest in the warning colors yellow or orange made of reflective material. At night, so-called flashlights (warning flash lights) are mandatory on the helmet. Marshallers are also required to wear hearing protection while the aircraft engines are running . The pilot vehicle with which the Marshaller travels on the apron long distances or traveling in front of aircraft here, is called Follow-me-Car ( dt. : Follow me car ).
communication
Signaling from the marshaler to the pilots
Two-way radios are used for contact with airport supervision. Verbal communication between the marshaler and the pilot, however, is usually not possible. Therefore, communication with the pilots must take place through standardized hand signals. A selection of the possible hand signals is shown in the graphic opposite. At many airports, hand movements are underlined with two glowing sticks or red trowels that the marshaler is holding in his hands. During the briefing on the final parking position, the marshaler stands in front of the aircraft's final position so that he has visual contact with the pilot.
Sign from the pilot to the marshaler
Signs may also be necessary in the opposite direction, from the pilot to the marshaler. Since the pilot is seated, signals are given by him with arms and hands. The signs must be clearly recognizable for the marshaler. It may be necessary to use a light source when drawing.
For example, the pilot can give the following signs:
- Brakes are on
- The right or left arm is held horizontally in front of the face. The fingers of the hand are stretched out and closed into a fist.
- The brakes are released
- The right or left arm is held horizontally in front of the face. The hand is closed in a fist and is opened.
- Present brake pads
- The arms are stretched out to the side and crossed in front of the face with the palms facing outwards.
- Remove the brake pads
- The arms are crossed in front of the face and with the palms stretched out to the side.
- Ready to start the engines
- The number of fingers on one hand indicates the corresponding number of the engine to be started.
See also: Einwinkzeichen .
literature
- Air traffic regulations in the version of March 27, 1999 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 580 ), Annex 2 ("Signals and Signs")
- CAWG: Flightline Marshaller Training Version 1 2002
- Dieter Franzen: Compact learning program to prepare for the radio communication test AZF 1991
- Imperial War Museum Duxford: Marshalling_signals.pdf 2005
- Winnipeg International Airport: Airport Access and Vehicle Operator Program 2003
- Victoria International Airport Traffic Directives: Airside Vehicle Operators Program, D / A Permit, Aprons and Uncontrolled Areas 2005
Individual evidence
- ↑ Implementing Regulation (EU) No. 923/2012 of the Commission of September 26, 2012 laying down common air traffic rules and operating rules for air traffic control services and procedures and amending Implementing Regulation (EC) No. 1035/2011 and Regulations (EC) No. 1265/2007, (EG) No. 1794/2006, (EG) No. 730/2006, (EG) No. 1033/2006 and (EU) No. 255/2010. This regulation is the central set of rules for the behavior of participants in air traffic within the EASA states. This also implements the obligations of the member states towards the ICAO .
- ↑ www.luftrecht-online.de: Online presence of the air traffic regulations