Maschyachat al-ʿAql

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The Maschyachat al-ʿAql ( Arabic مشيخة العقل, DMG Mašyaḫat al-ʿAql ; transferred for example: "spiritual guidance") is an institution of the greatest importance for Lebanon . It has substantial income from two sources: agricultural land leases and real estate rentals in Beirut . The Maschyachat al-ʿAql and the whole of the Sheikhs are responsible for the maintenance of the Khalwats and the shrines and form a kind of religious order of great political influence. This is the innermost circle of the Druze . In addition to the political and historical significance, many of the sheikhs also left handwritten comments, which are of great importance in oriental studies. Above all, the sheikhs of the Hamade family probably manage the most important cultural and religious legacy of the Druze community in Lebanon.

The following list is the reconstruction of a succession of the Druze sheikhs ʿAql , as far as the records allow (transcription based on the French model):

  1. Emir Issa Tannoukhi
  2. Emir Issa II (15th century), a famous calligrapher .
  3. Emir Saif d-Dîn Tannoukhi (1387-1459), poet and jeweler.
  4. Emir As-Sayyed Jamal d-Dîn Abdallah Tannoukhi (1417-1479), in his place of birth Abay, a shrine was built in his honor. He was a great Sufi mystic and one of the most important figures of medieval Unitarianism. His biography was written by two of his students: Sheikh Abu 'Ali Mir'i Hamade and Achrafani. He himself mainly followed the contemporary Ishmaelite line, but achieved a comparison between the two currents.
  5. Sheikh Abou ʿAli Mir'i Hamade is buried in Fasaqine.
  6. Sheikh Zaid d-Dîn abd l-jaffar Taqiy d-Din: born in Kfar Matta , died in Baaklin in 1557 .
  7. Sheikh Abou Hilal Muhammad, also: Sheikh al Fadil (1579-1640).
  8. Sheikh Achrafani, author of the Umdat al Arifin , ( Eng . The reason of knowledge).
  9. Sheikh Youssef Sa'îd Kfarqouni (18th century).
  10. Sheikh Abu Muhammad Nâsir d-Dîn (18th century).
  11. Sheikh Abu ʿAli Nasif Abu Chaqra (18th century).

After 1825 the Maschyachat al-ʿAql split into two parties according to the prevailing political currents. From then on, the Jumblat (Joumblatt) faced the Hamade (Yazbaki).

The Sheikhs ʿAql Yazbaki:

  1. Sheikh Hussein ʿAbd Ssamad de ʿAmatour, installed in 1825.
  2. Sheikh Muhammad Hamade, (Baaklin), established 1868.
  3. Sheikh Hussein Hamade, installed in 1915.
  4. Sheikh Rachid Hamadé (Rashid bin Hussein Hamada رشيد بن حسين حمادة, 1894-1970), installed on September 16, 1956. The last of the Yazbaki Sheiks, died on April 13, 1971. His son, Sheikh Farid Hamade ( Arabic فريد رشيد حمادة) is a Lebanese patriot who was one of the main protectors of the Christians in Chouf during the Lebanese Civil War .

The office of Sheikh ʿAql lost its importance in the civil war because it attacked the men of Jumblat because of the patriotic views of Farid Hamade and his alliance with the Christians of Chouf.

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