Ecclesiasters

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Figure of the “synagogue” on Strasbourg Cathedral, 13th century

As Ekklesiameister , Ecclesiameister or master of Ecclesia and Synagogue that was unnamed sculptor called, the beginning of the 13th century, the two figures of Ecclesia and Synagogue at the Romanesque south portal of Strasbourg cathedral has created. The two stone sculptures are among the oldest figures in the cathedral. Their originals are now in the Women's Refuge Museum in Strasbourg, copies can be seen on the portal.

In the early days of art history as a scientific discipline, attempts were made to give this master an artistic identity by comparing styles. It has been suggested that he first worked at Chartres Cathedral and in Burgundy and came to the Bauhütte in Strasbourg around 1225. There, in addition to the Ekklesia and the synagogue, he is said to have created the depiction of the death and coronation of the Virgin Mary in the tympana on the portal of the south transept and the angel pillar in the south transept. The works assigned to him are counted among the important works of the transition of the art style on the Upper Rhine into the early Gothic .

Attempts to find the profile of an ecclesiastical master were initially influenced by romantic notions and sometimes nationalism . The latter was reflected in the discussion of the extent to which the style of the figures was influenced by sculptures by his French contemporaries.

According to legend, Sabina von Steinbach , daughter of the master builder at the Strasbourg Cathedral Erwin von Steinbach , was the stonemason who created the Strasbourg ecclesia and synagogue. She is said to have worked at the cathedral herself after her father's death. In fact, Erwin von Steinbach lived half a century after the creation of the Ekklesia and Synagogue, and Sabina is a fictional person.

literature

  • Otto Schmitt and Hans Jantzen: The transept portals of the Strasbourg cathedral and the Ekklesiameister , In: Oberrheinische Kunst, 1.1925, pp. 82-88
  • Erwin Panofsky: On the artistic descent of the Strasbourg "Ecclesiameister" In: Oberrheinische Kunst, 4.1929 / 30, pp. 124–129
  • L. Hell: The Ecclesiameister and his work: a study on the sculpture of the Strasbourg cathedral at the beginning of the 13th century Strasbourg . Soc. strasbourgeoise de librairie, 1950
  • Martin Gosebruch: From the circle around the Strasbourg Ekklesiameisters - or from counter-growth in history . In: Contributions to the art of the Middle Ages: Festschrift for Hans Wentzel for his 60th birthday (edited by Rüdiger Becksmann ; Ulf-Dietrich Korn; Johannes Zahlten). Berlin: Mann, 1975, p. 53-64
  • Willibald Sauerländer: From Sens to Strasbourg: a contribution to the art-historical position of the Strasbourg transept sculptures . De Gruyter, Berlin: 1966. ISBN 3-11-005012-9 .
  • Sabine Bengel: The Strasbourg cathedral: its east parts and the south transept workshop . Imhof, Petersberg: 2011. ISBN 978-3-86568-448-6 .
  • Strasbourg 1200-1230: la révolution gothique (exhibition catalog Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame, Strasbourg). Strasbourg 2015.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Otto Schmitt and Hans Jantzen: The transept portals of the Strasbourg cathedral and the Ekklesiameister . In: Oberrheinische Kunst, 1.1925, pp. 82–88
  2. ↑ Erwin Panofsky: On the artistic origin of the Strasbourg "Ecclesiameister" In: Oberrheinische Kunst, 4.1929 / 30, pp. 124–129
  3. ↑ K. Franck (-Oberaspach): The Master of the Ecclesia and Synagogue at the Strasbourg Cathedral with special consideration of their relationship to contemporary French art . Düsseldorf 1901 (habilitation thesis)
  4. ^ For example, G. Dehio: History of German Art , Volume 1. 3rd Edition. Berlin and Leipzig 1923
  5. ↑ For example 'Stras (s) burg', In: Pierer's Universal-Lexikon . Volume 16. Altenburg 1863, pp. 903-905