Mirliva

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Mirliva ( Ottoman أمير لواء) Even Liva General and Liva Admiral , was a rank in the Ottoman army and the Ottoman Navy , of a Major General or Rear Admiral corresponded. According to the Ottoman model, the rank also existed in the Egyptian army and navy of the 19th century.

Rîyale and Mirliva

Until 1855 the naval rank was called Rîyale (also: Riala ). This original name was derived from the Italian word reale (usually one of the most elegant galleys carried by the rear admiral) and was modeled on the Venetian navy. In the Ottoman Navy, the Rîyale was the third in command of the fleet ( rear admiral) after Kapudan Pascha (admiral) and Patrona (vice admiral).

The flag of the Riyale and his ship was the red Ottoman with a white crescent moon and star, which was supplemented by three silver cannonballs in the red field.

Liwa General and Liwa Admiral

The later name Mirliva (actually Mîr-i livâ ) was derived from the Ottoman words Mir (commander) and Liwa (brigade), literally translated as brigadier general or commodore ( flotilla admiral ). The rank ranged between that of a colonel or captain (Miralay) and that of a lieutenant general or vice admiral (Ferik or Patrona). With the abolition of the Patrona, the Mirliva actually corresponded to a Vice Admiral from 1876 to 1909.

Tuğgeneral and Tuğamiral

After the rank was briefly taken over in the Turkish Army and the Turkish Navy , it was replaced in 1934 by the newly created designations Tuğgeneral (Major General) and Tuğamiral ( Rear Admiral). These names are derived from Tugay , the Turkish equivalent for the Arab Liwa (brigade).

swell

  • Ernst von Skork: The people and empire of the Ottomans, in a special presentation of their war constitution and warfare , page 262ff. Friese, Pirna 1829
  • First Encyclopaedia of Islam (1913-1936), Volume VI, page 1164. Brill, Leiden 1938/93
  • Candan Bath: Ottoman Crimean War (1853-1856) , p. 113. Brill, Leiden 2010
  • Pierer's Universal Lexicon , Volume 14, Page 130 . Altenburg 1862
  • Turkish Navy website: Türk Denizci Kıyafet ve Unvanları (Turkish)
  • Turkish Society for Language: Mirliva (Turkish)