Missed approach

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As a go-around (Engl. Missed approach , MA ) is called an aborted for safety landing . The demolition is done by the go-around of the aircraft. In the event of an approach according to instrument flight rules (IFR), the corresponding missed approach procedure is initiated immediately .

Causes of a missed approach

Possible causes for a missed approach include:

  • Reaching the obstacle clearance limit OCA / H without visual contact with the runway or approach lights during instrument flight (see also: Missed approach point )
  • approach too high or too fast
  • Runway or security area (strips) not free
  • Decision of the pilot-in-command for specific reasons
  • Violation of the critical area, resulting in fluctuations in the ILS signal (LOC or GP)
  • Unpredictable weather influences (e.g. gusts of wind) when touching down
  • Missing all safety cables on an aircraft carrier

Missed Approach Procedure

In the case of flights under visual flight rules , it is at the pilot's discretion to assess the situation in the event of a missed approach and to act accordingly. If the airport served has a control zone, air traffic control will issue instructions if necessary.

Approach chart for an ILS approach to runway 15 at Tacoma Narrows airfield . The information relevant for a missed approach was subsequently highlighted in red.

Of flights to instrument flight rules is available for each at an airport approach procedure exactly one missed approach procedures ( missed approach procedure ) defined and published in the relevant approach chart. Each procedure has a defined start and end point and gives the pilot freedom from obstacles .

The missed approach procedure usually consists of three phases: The initial phase begins when the MAPt is reached and is used to initiate the go-around. It ends when the aircraft in the climb passes ( start of climb , SOC). In the following intermediate phase , the climb is continued and the crew begins with any course corrections. When an obstacle clearance of 50 m has been safely achieved, the final phase begins . Usually, course changes (curves) are only prescribed in this phase. The last phase ends when another approach, a holding pattern or the onward flight to another airport is initiated.

literature

  • Procedures for Air Navigation Services - Aircraft Operations . Doc 8168 OPS / 611 ("PANS OPS"). In: ICAO (Ed.): International Standards and Recommended Practices . 5th edition. Volume I: Flight Procedures, 2006 ( available online (PDF; 1.6 MB) ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Niels Klußmann, Arnim Malik: Lexicon of aviation . 2nd, updated and expanded edition. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 2007, ISBN 978-3-540-49095-1 , pp. 84 ( older edition in excerpts in the Google book search).
  2. ↑ a b ICAO: Procedures for Air Navigation Services. Pp. I-4-6-1
  3. ^ ICAO: Procedures for Air Navigation Services. Pp. I-4-6-2