Immunity district
As immunity District (immunitas localis) a strictly separated from the rest of the city was in medieval towns legal district around a cathedral , a monastery or a stylus called. In this area, there was church immunity , also known as "muntat".
If the emperor or king granted immunity to a monastery, the people living here were subject to a special jurisdiction: the monastery was autonomous and thus able to hold court itself over the people living here. The urban rights and also the tax sovereignty ended at the borders of the immunity district.
In contrast to antiquity, in which temple districts were always outside the city, a change had taken place: in the Middle Ages, the place of worship was in the middle of the city.
The immediate immunity area consisted of the cathedral and bishop's castle or monastery or collegiate church; it is also referred to as " cathedral city " or " peace district ". It was divided into three parts and consisted of the church, the cloister with the convent buildings mostly in the south (the clergy or monks lived here), the transitional buildings to the outside world in the north (with vestibule, bell tower and paradise ) and the buildings for the craftsmen and women Back seat in the west.
From the 10th century on, the communal life of the clergy changed: the canons were now housed in their own curia . These were mostly roughly circular around the church, following the course of the immunity wall or border and delimiting the immunity area from the outside. This type of construction can still be seen today in many cities, for example the “ Dreikönigenpförtchen ” in Cologne.
With the abolition of the territorial sovereignty of the clergy in the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , these districts lost their privileges.
See also
literature
- Hans-Werner Goetz : Life in the Middle Ages: from the 7th to the 13th century. 6th edition Munich 1996. ISBN 3-406-37970-2
- Wilhelm Volkert: Small encyclopedia of the Middle Ages. 2nd edition Munich 1999. ISBN 3-406-42081-8
- Theodor Schieffer [Hrsg.]: Handbook of European history. Vol. 1, Klett, Stuttgart 1976. ISBN 3-12-907530-5
Web links
- Peter CA Schels: Immunity Small Encyclopedia of the German Middle Ages, 2015
Individual evidence
- ↑ Peter CA Schels: muntat ( memento of the original from January 31, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Small encyclopedia of the German Middle Ages, 2015
- ↑ Hans-Werner Goetz: Life in the Middle Ages: from the 7th to the 13th century. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Munich 1994, p. 221 ff.
