Muta cum liquids
muta cum liquida ( Muta (littera) = mute (er letter); liquida (littera) = liquid (er letter)) is a term from the Latin verse theory .
Constellations
In Romance studies , it means a Latin consonant nexus at the beginning of the word, which is composed of the muta B-, C-, F-, G-, P- and the liquid- L or -R, i.e. Latin BL-, CL- , FL-, GL-, PL-, BR-, CR-, FR-, GR-, PR-. In the Latin syllable theory, there is an exception to the Panultia rule in these constellations . For Romance linguistics, their development in the individual Romance languages and dialects is particularly interesting, as only a few receive this constellation, while the majority carry out a sound change:
| Vulgar Latin | Romanian | Italian | Friulian | Ladin | Rumantsch | Franco-Provencal | Occitan | Sardinian | French | Catalan | Spanish | Galician | Portuguese |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CLAVE | cheie | chiave | clâf | chief | clav | clau | clau | crae | clé (f) | clau | llave | chave | chave |
| FLORE | floare | fiore | flôr | fior | Hall | flour | flor | froze | fleur | flor | flor | flor | flor |
| PLOVERE | ploua | piovere | plovi | piever | plover | plove | plòure | pròere | pleuvoir | ploure | llover | chover | chover |
It should be noted that above all the constellation CL- is changed in most Romance languages and that FL- and PL- is mainly only used in Italian, Spanish and Portuguese (including Galician ). The Gallo-Roman region, including Rhaeto-Romania and Sardinian, is the most conservative, as the classical Latin sounds are preserved throughout. For words inherited directly from Latin (and not later borrowed), the following rule applies to the following Romance languages:
| Latin | Italian | Spanish | Portuguese |
|---|---|---|---|
| CL- | chi- | ll- | ch- |
| CLAMARE | chiamare | llamar | chamar |
| According to | / kj / | / ʎ / | / ʃ / |
| FL- | fi | ll- | ch- |
| FLAMMA | fiamma | llama | chama |
| According to | / fj / | / ʎ / | / ʃ / |
| PL- | pi- | ll- | ch- |
| PLORARE | - | llorar | chorary |
| According to | / pj / | / ʎ / | / ʃ / |
literature
- PE Guarnerio: Fonologia romanza , Ulrico Hoepli Editore, Milano, 1918. Compare especially the paragraphs §§337-350 (pp. 446–466)