Negative Acts Questionnaire

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The Negative Action Questionnaire (NAQ) ( dt. Questionnaire about negative actions ) was 1994 , by the Norwegians Ståle Einarsen, Bjorn Inge Raknes Stig Berge Matthiesen and Odd Henning Hellesøy to measure calculating them bullying at work developed. Helge Hoel contributed to a later version of the NAQ.

construction

The items about negative actions do not refer directly to the term “ bullying ” so that the respondents do not have to declare themselves as a victim of bullying for the time being.

After answering these items, a definition of workplace bullying is presented. The respondents have to indicate whether they feel bullied according to this definition or not.

Items

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The items of the NAQ concern the following acts of bullying (adapted from Denise Salin):

  1. Withholding information necessary for work
  2. Arrangement of tasks with unreasonable or impossible performance targets or completion dates
  3. Repeated reminders of mistakes made by the victim
  4. Ignoring the opinions and views of the person concerned
  5. Instruction of work tasks that are significantly below the qualifications of the person concerned
  6. Excessive monitoring of the work of the person concerned
  7. Sexual harassment
  8. Constant criticism of the work and the efforts of the person concerned
  9. Shouting or abreaction at the person concerned
  10. Humiliation or ridicule in relation to work
  11. Trimming essential areas of responsibility or replacing them with trivial, meaningless tasks
  12. Spread of rumors and gossip
  13. Treat the affected person like air / exclusion
  14. Insult or offensive remarks (e.g. about habits, personal background or private life of the person concerned)
  15. Offensive comments or behavior regarding the person's native language, race or ethnicity
  16. Offensive remarks or behavior in relation to the person's religious or political beliefs
  17. Intimidation, such as intrusion into privacy, shoving, blocking the way, etc.
  18. Appeals to quit
  19. Physical abuse or threat of violence
  20. Offensive emails
  21. Other offensive written messages or phone calls
  22. Systematic "having to do" tasks that clearly do not fall within the area of ​​responsibility of the person concerned
  23. False allegations
  24. Pressure not to claim legitimate claims (e.g. sick leave, vacation, travel expenses)
  25. Excessive taunts and ridicule
  26. Threats to make life difficult for the person concerned (e.g. overtime, unpopular tasks)
  27. Excessive workload
  28. Transfer against the will of the person concerned
  29. Sabotage the performance of the person concerned
  30. "Funny jokes

The original version of the NAQ was not published. Only researchers who send the collected data to the authors in return receive the NAQ. With the collected material, the authors want to make cross-border comparisons.

reliability

The instrument has an internal reliability ( Cronbach's Alpha ) of α = 0.87 to α = 0.93.

validity

The authors of sufficient validity of the NAQ. Critics claim that it is not possible to list all possible acts of bullying in an exhaustive manner. The NAQ eludes detailed criticism because it was not published.

Web links