No restraint

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No restraint (sometimes also Non restraint ; German no compulsory measure ) is a treatment concept in psychiatry . It describes a maxim founded by Robert Gardiner Hill (1811–1878) and first implemented by John Conolly in 1839 in the Hanwell Asylum (England) to refrain from any form of forced mechanical treatment . Connolly published a text on this in 1856. The decisive factor for him was the moral commitment, which was based on the principles of moral treatment .

Hanwell was a small private institution that cannot be considered representative of the development of psychiatry in 19th century England. The social distance between the rich and the poor lunatics was initially increased. In Germany, Christian Roller , Ludwig Meyer and Wilhelm Griesinger , in France Auguste Morel, the no-restraint system recognized. Bernhard von Gudden practiced the no restraint concept when treating Ludwig II in 1886 at Berg Castle .

The treatment of the mentally ill, practiced by Connolly and known as such, had previously been practiced by Abraham Joly in Geneva in 1787 and by Philippe Pinel in Paris in 1793 . It is seen as an expression of the philanthropic interest propagated in the Enlightenment .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Klaus Dörner : Citizens and Irre. On the social history and sociology of science in psychiatry. 2nd Edition. Frankfurt am Main 1984, p. 99.
  2. ^ John Connolly : Treatment of the Insane Without Mechanical Restraints. Extracts from the annual reports of Hanwell Asylum 1839-1849. Smith, Elder & Co., London 1856 ( digitized in the Internet Archive ).
  3. ^ Klaus Dörner : Citizens and Irre. On the social history and sociology of science in psychiatry. Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1975, ISBN 3-436-02101-6 , pages 112 f., 116-118, 169, 249, 254, 276, 297, 300, 307, 313, 316, 331, 333 -335.
  4. ↑ 125th anniversary of the death of psychiatrist Bernhard von Gudden, press release from the University of Munich Hospital, May 25, 2011
  5. ↑ Ackerknecht, Erwin H .: Brief history of psychiatry . Enke, Stuttgart 3 1985, ISBN 3-432-80043-6 ; P. 34 on tax "philanthropic interest, Joly, Pinel".