Normal performance (REFA)
Under normal power is understood in the work studying a normalized reference power, which for standard times , for example for paying for performance (premium or piece rate is used). People work at different speeds based on their knowledge, their motivation, and their physical abilities and skills. In order to establish a reference, measured times or specified times determined by other methods are related to a performance that is referred to as normal performance . The most common definition in German-speaking countries is that of the REFA Association:
“ Normal REFA performance is understood to be a movement that appears to the observer to be particularly harmonious, natural and balanced with regard to the individual movements, the sequence of movements and their coordination. Experience has shown that it can be performed by any skilled, fully trained worker who is suitable to the required extent and on average over the shift, provided that he adheres to the times specified for personal needs and, if necessary, also for relaxation and the free development of his skills is not hindered. "
The performance is assessed by a timekeeper , for example during a time study, by comparing the observed work performance and the presented reference performance. Therefore, the normal performance cannot be determined from the average performance.
The normal performance is an essential element of the REFA methodology for the determination of target times and thus central in the determination of target work performance but also for the determination of realistic standard times for the calculation. It is also used when a company does not pay performance-related pay.
With the introduction of the standard performance in conjunction with the REFA work and time studies succeeded in following the First World War spread in Germany subject to the workers against performance-related pay in general and piecework in particular largely eliminate. The "normal performance" took the place of the Tayloristic maximum performance . Two elements thus worked:
- The REFA's claim to disseminate a uniform methodology to be used in all companies and industries decoupled the performance component of the remuneration from the often perceived "arbitrary mastery".
- Since normal performance and the associated level of performance are assessed and not estimated or even measured, the concept offers a certain amount of leeway for negotiation processes.
With these properties, the REFA methods and thus also the performance wages became in principle acceptable to the unions. The method was only widely used within the framework of a systematic performance economy after the Second World War , from the 1950s. In the prosperity of the 1970s, the scope for negotiation in normal performance was revealed as a weaving error of the method, which one sought to counter through the increased use of systems of predetermined times (SvZ).
While in traditional wage areas to the parties involved (tariff and operating parties and Ergonomics is) the REFA definition generally known and accepted, trends can be observed outside the professional world in recent times, the there be known but not ge knew terms such level of performance and Assign new meanings to normal performance . This tendency can be seen, for example, in the collective agreement for the public service , where normal performance is defined in a significantly different manner.
See also: recovery time .
swell
- ↑ REFA Association for Work Studies e. V. (Hrsg.): Methodology of work studies: Part 2 data determination . Munich: Carl-Hanser, 1978. - ISBN 3-446-12704-6 . P. 136.
- ↑ Schmide, Rudi; Schudlich, Edwin: Performance evaluation and reward. In: Luczak, Holger; Volper, Walter (Ed.): Manual of ergonomics . Stuttgart: Schäffer-Poeschel, 1997. - ISBN 3-7910-0755-6 . Pp. 998-1002, here: 1000.