Necessary stairs

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In Germany, a staircase is called a necessary staircase , which must be available according to building regulations. Every floor that is not on the ground floor and the usable roof space of a building must be accessible via at least one staircase (the necessary staircase ). Minimum requirements are placed on these stairs to ensure that they can be used safely - for example in the event of a fire. In addition, there may be other ( unnecessary ) stairs , which are then subject to less stringent requirements.

In Germany, building regulations are the legislative competence of the federal states. All countries have accordingly issued their own building regulations , but their regulations on escape routes and stairs are similar and are based on the model building regulations (MBO). The current version is from 2002.

Section 34 Stairs

(1) Every storey that is not on the ground floor and the usable roof space of a building must be accessible via at least one staircase (necessary staircase). Ramps with a flat incline are permitted instead of the necessary stairs.
(2) Retractable stairs and escalators are not permitted as necessary stairs. [...]
(3) Necessary stairs are to be led to all connected floors in one go; they must be directly connected to the stairs to the attic. [...]
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(5) The usable width of the flights of stairs and landings of the necessary stairs must be sufficient for the greatest traffic to be expected.
(6) Stairs must have a firm and safe handrail. [...]
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§ 35 Necessary stairwells, exits

(1) Every staircase required must be in its own, continuous stairwell to secure the escape routes from the floors to the outside (necessary stairwell). [...]
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(3) Every necessary stairwell must be on an outside wall and have a direct exit to the outside. [...]
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(7) Necessary stairwells must be illuminated. [...]
(8) It must be possible to ventilate necessary stairwells. On every floor above ground, they must have windows that lead directly to the outside and have a free cross-section of at least 0.50 m 2 that can be opened. [...]