Onrust (island)
| Pulau Onrust - Pulau Kapal | ||
|---|---|---|
| Waters | Java lake | |
| Archipelago | Seribu | |
| Geographical location | 6 ° 2 ′ 0 ″ S , 106 ° 44 ′ 7 ″ E | |
|
||
| surface | 3.5 km² | |
Onrust , Dutch ("unrest") , formerly Dutch also Scheepseiland , Indonesian Pulau Kapal ("ship island "), is an Indonesian island off the coast of Jakarta , with an area of 3.5 square kilometers. It is part of the Kepulauan Seribu archipelago , which forms an administrative unit and belongs to the capital district of Daerah Khusus Ibukota (DKI) Jakarta.
Use at the time of the VOC (1619–1799)
At the time of the VOC there was a fortified city on the island with apartments, warehouses and shipyards and the armory, where VOC ships were repaired or rebuilt. The VOC staff was effectively trapped there. There were only two opportunities to leave the island a year.
During the time of the Dutch colonial state (1800–1942)
In 1800 all buildings on the island were destroyed by a British squadron. Between 1823 and 1825, Van der Capellen fortified a naval base. In 1856 a floating dry dock was added. After the port of Tanjung Priok was opened at the end of the 19th century, Onrust lost its purpose and was abandoned. In 1911, Onrust and the nearby island of Kuiper became a quarantine station for Muslims returning from their pilgrimage to Mecca. 35 barracks were built on Onrust, which were needed as an internment camp. The mutineers of Mr. Ms. De Zeven Provinciën under Maud Boshart, were interned there in 1933.
Second World War and subsequent period
After the German invasion of the Netherlands on May 10, 1940, a code report was sent in the Dutch East Indies to Batavia seint Berlijn . As a result, several thousand Germans, Hungarians, Czechs, Italians and Dutch with German surnames, as well as members of the NSB , were interned on Ngawai and Onrust. One of the prisoners, the German Jew Robert Frühstuck, was shot dead when he got too close to the barbed wire. (He had not heard the warnings to leave because he was deaf) After the Netherlands declared war on Japan on December 8, 1941 , a small number of the prisoners were taken to Camp Jodensavanne in Suriname .
According to persistent, but so far unconfirmed, rumors, after the Second World War, Dutch soldiers who had contracted fatal venereal diseases were taken to Onrust to die. They are then said to have been listed as dead.
After the sovereignty treaty with Indonesia in 1949
On January 23, 1950, Raymond Westerling carried out a coup d'état with 400 fighters from his Angkatan Perang Ratu Adil (APRA), the "Legion of the Prince and the soldiers of the state" Pasundan. This failed. Most of the APRA fighters fell into the hands of the Dutch troops still remaining on Java. The Dutch military decided to condemn the soldiers as deserters. They were interned on Onrust.
Chris Soumokil , President of the Republic of the South Moluccas , was executed on restlessness on April 12, 1966, after the coup by General Soeharto .
Illustrations
Map from 1650.
The courtyard of the old barracks
Tea pavilion of the quarantine station.
The quarantine islands of Onrust and Kuyper.
Old Dutch cemetery
literature
- Dick Schaap Onrust, het Nederlandse Duivelseiland. 2002, ISBN 90-229-8569-5 .
- DG Stibbe (Red.): Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch-Indië. Derde deel, Gravenhage-Leiden 1919.