Organic law

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The Organic Law of September 16, 1856, together with the previous constitutional amendment act, was the constitution of the Free City of Frankfurt from 1856 until the annexation by Prussia in 1866.

Emergence

The constitution supplementary act had been the constitution of the Free City of Frankfurt since 1816. In the March Revolution of 1848 the Constituent Assembly was elected to draft a new constitution. However, this project petered out. Even in the reaction era , however, a number of provisions of the constitutional supplementary acts were perceived as no longer appropriate. In accordance with the procedure that the Constitutional Amendment Act provided for constitutional amendments, the Organic Law was therefore passed as a constitutional amendment. The approval by the legislative body took place on December 22nd, 1854 that by the citizens on February 5th and 6th, 1855.

Content

First of all, the reorganization of the Senate was essential . This previously consisted of three banks with 14 members each and was therefore relatively large. Now it has been reduced to 21 senators who were elected for life. Since the previous senators remained in office, the senate was initially larger than the organic law provided. Due to deaths, the number of 21 was reached in 1862.

For the first time, the separation of the administration of justice was made. So far the Senate has been closely linked to the judiciary; Senators had been the presidents of the Frankfurt courts. In future the courts were independent. The four senators Maximilian Körner , Peter Joseph Aloys Eder , Georg Wilhelm Hessenberg and Gustav Edmund Nestle left the Senate and became court presidents.

The election of the legislative body has also been reorganized. So far, the Senate and the permanent citizens' representation each elected 20 members of the legislative body. The other 45 members were elected by the urban population, with the rural population having no voting rights. Now 11 members were elected by the rural communities and 57 by the citizenship. The permanent citizen representation still determined 20 members, but the Senate did not.

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  • Collection of laws and statutes of the Free City of Frankfurt; Volume 12 (January 1854 to October 2, 1856), 1858, pp. 221 ff., Online