Oskar Fleischer (SS member)

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Oskar Fleischer in uniform, before 1946

Oskar Fleischer (born December 7, 1892 in Pirna , † after 1945) was a German Gestapo officer who was involved in tracking down the assassins of the Deputy Reich Protector in Bohemia and Moravia, Reinhard Heydrich . Fleischer was feared because of his brutality.

Life

Before the Second World War, Oskar Fleischer was head of the Gestapo office in Annaberg, Saxony, and a member of the Abwehr military intelligence service in Dresden . After the occupation of Czechoslovakia , he worked as a criminal inspector in Department III (Defense), Section III A (counter-espionage, treason) of the Prague Gestapo, where he was known for his brutality. He carried out most of the arrests and was in command of the Gestapo team commissioned by Hans-Ulrich Geschke to seize the Three Kings .

Oskar Fleischer is considered one of the cruelest members of the Prague Gestapo , also known as "Řezník" (the butcher or the butcher). Heydrich expert Dr. Karel Fremund writes about him: “'Angry Inspector' Oskar Fleischer, a very brutal employee, also in family life (who drives his wife to suicide) ...” During interrogations, Fleischer was perceived as “a strong man with a cigar”.

Fleischer was responsible for apprehending the perpetrators of Heydrich's murder and was promoted for his success. From 1942 to October 1944, Fleischer was deputy head of the Gestapo field office in Pilsen , then head of the office in Kolín until the end of the war .

The Central European Observer reported in its March 17, 1944 edition about the identification of the Prague Gestapo officials:

“ SIX GESTAPO AGENTS DENOUNCED Six Gestapo agents who were employed as interrogators in Prague were denounced by name in the Czechoslovak program“ The Voice of the Free Republic ”from London on Saturday, March 4th. “Their names,” said the speaker, “are Fitsch, Gall, Dennert, Killinger, Fleischer and Kruchka. All the crimes of these members of the Prague Gestapo are known in London. The declaration of the Moscow Conference will apply to them. "The speaker read the terms of the Moscow Declaration on the Punishment of War Criminals and concluded with an assurance that these six men would be on the list of war criminals."

- The Central European Observer : March 17, 1944

On a Czechoslovak list of war criminals [p. 1] is under the serial number 343. After the Second World War, he managed to escape to West Germany. He went undetected. In the 1960s, Oskar Fleischer is said to have lived undisturbed in Germany.

See also

literature

  • Petr Kettner, Ivan Milan Jedlička: Tři contra gestapo. Albatros, Praha 2003 (Albatros Plus), ISBN 80-00-01245-6 (historical report, reconstructs the activities of secret services, sabotage and other groups, such as the resistance group Tři králové / Three Kings around Josef Balabán , Josef Mašín and Václav Morávek ; Year of first edition CR / SR: 1967).
  • Rudolf Ströbinger : The attack in Prague. Verlag Politisches Archiv, Landshut 1976, p. 47 f.
  • Petr Kettner and Ivan Milan Jedlička: Tajemství tří králů. Nakladatelství Mht, Praha 1995 (Akta: svazek první). Mht-06-95. O lidech, kteří nesměli vstoupit do historie (“About people who were not allowed to go down in history”).
  • Petr Koura: Podplukovník Josef Balabán: život a smrt velitele legendární odbojové skupiny Tři králové. Rybka, Praha 2003, ISBN 80-86182-72-X , pp. 50, 130, 152, 169, 177, 217.
  • Jan Björn Potthast: The Jewish Central Museum of the SS in Prague - Opponent Research and Genocide under National Socialism. Campus-Verlag, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-593-37060-3 .
  • Pavel Žáček, Bernd Faulenbach, Ulrich Mählert (eds.): Czechoslovakia 1945/48 to 1989: Studies on communist rule and repression. Leipzig 2008.
  • Jiří Padevět: Průvodce protektorátní Prahou: Místa - události - lidé. 1st edition, Academia, Archive hlavního města Prahy, Praha 2013, ISBN 978-80-200-2926-3 , pp. 104, 233, 349, 422, 423.
  • Christa Schikorra, Jörg Skriebeleit, Jan Švimberský (eds.): Fridolín Macháček: Pilsen - Theresienstadt - Flossenbürg. The survival story of a Czech intellectual. Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2017, ISBN 978-3-8353-1886-1 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Rudolf Ströbinger reports on Fleischer's work in Annaberg: A-54. Three faced spy. From the Czech by Kurt Maria Ruda, List Verlag, Munich 1966, p. 44.
  2. ↑ Christa Schikorra, Jörg Skriebeleit and Jan Švimberský (eds.): Fridolín Macháček: Pilsen - Theresienstadt - Flossenbürg. The survival story of a Czech intellectual. Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2017, p. 279.
  3. ^ A b Ota Rambousek: Jenom ne strach (vyprávění Ctirada Mašína). Nezávislé tiskové středisko, Praha 1990 (Edice RR, svazek číslo 4), ISBN 80-85196-02-6 , p. 39 (the manuscript was written before 1989 and some facts, for example the exact location of the hiding place in the GDR, were changed to protect participants).
  4. ↑ Karel Fremund: Konec pražského gestapa (The end of the Prague Gestapo). Praha 1972, p. 20. Rudolf Ströbinger (as above, p. 227) describes Fleischer as Willi Abendschön's “rival” and friend “Dr. Holm-Steinbergs ”, the double agent Paul Thümmel .
  5. ↑ Středočeský sborník historický . Krajský dům osvěty v Praze v spolupráci se Státním archivem, 1996–1997, p. 171; State Regional Archives Prague (SOA Praha), MLS, Ls 1422/45, Declaration by J. Chalupský of July 4, 1945.
  6. ↑ Fleischer was initially a criminal inspector in Kolín and from January 6, 1945, a criminal inspector. On May 7, 1945 he left Kolín. His representative there was SS-Hauptscharführer (from January 30, 1945 SS-Untersturmführer) Criminal Secretary Julius Müller-Riedl (March 1939 to May 1944). (Oldřich Sládek: Zločinná role gestapa: Nacistická bezpečnostní policie v českých zemích 1938–1945. Naše vojsko, Praha 1986, p. 403.) See Schikorra, Skriebeleit, Švimberský, as above.
  7. ↑ Equal words in: News Flashes from Czechoslovakia under Nazi Domination , 1944.
  8. ↑ The Czechoslovak list of war criminals was drawn up during the war and constantly updated. However, after the country was liberated in 1945, people often wished to take advantage of the post-war confusion and some managed to evade judgment. A total of 33,463 people (of whom 817 were sentenced to death) were sentenced under the Retributivní justice (and the subsequent Malého Retributivní justice ). Of this number, 50% were German, 35% Czech and Slovak and 15 other nationalities. That number includes nearly 6,000 Gestapo members who worked in the occupied territory of Czechoslovakia, most of whom fled. Numerous proceedings had to be suspended because the whereabouts could not be determined. Many of the refugees and wanted people found refuge in Latin American countries. On September 24, 1964, the National Assembly of the Czechoslovak Republic passed Law No. 184, in which the statute of limitations on crimes against humanity and war crimes and other crimes committed between May 21, 1938 and December 31, 1946 , was anchored. In fact, the task of persecuting Nazi criminals never ended. (Source: Jan Eichler: Mezinárodní aspekty potrestání válečných zločinců po roce 1945 on is.cuni.cz.)
  9. ↑ Later another war criminal, the SS-Sturmscharführer and criminal senior secretary Willi Abendschön, arrived in West Germany. (Rambousek, as above.)
  10. ↑ Schikorra, Skriebeleit, Švimberský, as above.
personal data
SURNAME Butcher, Oskar
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Gestapo officer
DATE OF BIRTH December 7, 1892
PLACE OF BIRTH Pirna
DATE OF DEATH after 1945