PL / I

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Programming Language One , often abbreviated as PL / I (also PL / 1, PL1, or PLI), is a programming language that was developed by IBM in the 1960s . The designation PL / 1 is mostly used in Germany.

Development history

PL / I was originally developed under the name NPL ( New Programming Language ) as a general programming language for all areas of application. An attempt was made to combine the advantages of all high-level languages existing up to that point (in particular ALGOL , Fortran and COBOL ). Another goal was to integrate the dynamic memory management of assembler into PL / I in a simplified manner.

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Critics of the language accused PL / I of primarily combining the disadvantages of the various models. For scientific-technical programmers it was considered too commercial, for commercial users as too scientific-technical oriented.

Supporters of the language named as advantages:

Implementations

PL / I was and is the house programming language of some of the major IBM users.

The Multics operating system was written in PL / I.

Descendants of PL / I are PL / M (for microcomputers ; large parts of CP / M were written in PL / M) and PL / S (IBM-internal programming language for system software ).

PL / I is mainly used on IBM mainframes , but there are also variants for Windows , OS / 2 , AIX and other Unix variants.

The SabreTalk dialect was developed for S / 360 computers in cooperation with American Airlines and Eastern Air Lines .

Compared to the languages ​​developed later, such as Pascal , the entire PL / I language family (like the predecessors from the ALGOL zoo) characterized that data structures could be specified as concrete elements, but practically no language elements existed for the definition of structure types . In the latest generation of PL / I from IBM, Enterprise PL / I , abstract data types can also be used.

Sample program Hello world

 Hallo: proc options(main);
      put list ('Hallo Welt!');
 end Hallo;

literature

  • E. Storm: The New PL / I . 7th edition. Vieweg-Verlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-8348-0520-1 .
  • Wirtz, Klaus Werner: Introduction to PL / 1 for economists . 3. Edition. Oldenbourg, Munich / Vienna 1989, ISBN 3-486-25641-6 .
  • Friedrich Grund, Walter Issel: PL / I programming . 5th edition. Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-326-00021-9 .

Web links