Pakistan Movement
The Pakistan Movement was a religious political movement of the 1940s. The movement worked to build a state of its own for the Muslim population in British India .
history
The radical educational reforms of Thomas Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay led to changes in the conception and teaching of Western languages, especially English and Latin. The reforms also changed philosophy. The religious studies, Turkish, Arabic and Persian languages were completely banned from the stately universities. After a short time, the English language gained official status in Punjab in 1835 and replaced Persian as the lingua franca. This created difficulties for people who grew up with Persian. Traditional Islamic studies and Hindi were no longer supported by the British Crown. The madrasas lost their handsome grants. Many Muslims did not allow their children to go to English universities. The number of Muslim students at English universities was very small. The Bengali Renaissance resulted in Hindus finding lucrative employment in Indian public administration. The success of the All India Muhammadan Educational Conference as part of the Aligarh Movement was due to the support of Syed Ahmad Khan in 1906. It was founded in Dhaka to promote the integration of Bengali and in response to protests from Hindus. George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston divided the eastern and western halves of Bengal to separate Hindus and Muslims. The Muslims welcomed the division as they now have a majority in the east. The Earl of Minto initiated the Council Act and met with a Muslim delegation led by Aga Khan III. was conducted. The delegation consisted of 35 members from each province. The Muslim League remained a party of the elite Indian Muslims until 1937. However, it began to mobilize the masses, increasing its popularity among Muslims in the 1940s. This was particularly the case after the Lahore Resolution . The Muslim League, under the leadership of Jinnah, had over 2 million members. The Muslim League cast a spell over many people at its events in 1937. The Pakistan Resolution was passed in 1940 and laid the foundation for the State of Pakistan and its constitution. The resolution guaranteed the four Pakistani provinces comprehensive self-government. The talks between Jinnah and Gandhi in 1944 for a one-state solution finally failed after the Lahore resolution.
Individual evidence
- ^ For text see "Minute by the Hon'ble TB Macaulay, dated the 2nd February 1835"
- ↑ Stephen Evans: Macaulay's minute revisited: Colonial language policy in nineteenth-century India . In: Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development . 23, No. 4, 2002, pp. 260-281. doi : 10.1080 / 01434630208666469 .