Paradioxys

Paradioxys
Systematics
Order :	Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera)
Superfamily :	Apoidea
without rank:	Bees (Apiformes)
Family :	Megachilidae
Subfamily :	Megachilinae
Genre :	Paradioxys
Scientific name
	Paradioxys
	Mocsáry , 1877

Paradioxys is a genus in the Megachilidae family . These bees are cuckoo bees , which means that they live in a brood parasitic manner with other bees.

There are only two species of this genus worldwide that are found in the western Palaearctic.

Paradioxys bees are called two-tooth bees in German . However, this name is also used for species belonging to the genera Dioxys and Aglaoapis . The genus Paradioxys is sometimes synonymous with Dioxys , or viewed as a subgenus of Dioxys .

features

Paradioxys have black cuticles on the head and abdomen, the abdomen is mainly red. They have light hair bands on the tergite ends. The end of the abdomen is as pointed as that of Coelioxys . Paradioxys bees are 7.5 to 9 mm long. There are 2 cubital cells in the fore wing. On each side of the scutellum there is a tooth-like outgrowth with a strong ridge in between. No pollen collecting apparatus in the females.

Way of life

The animals are breeding parasites, the females visit flowers only to supply themselves with nectar. They live in dry areas, e.g. B. Dry grass with rock formations. P. pannonica parasitizes (in Hungary) on Megachile . It flies from June to August.

Systematics

The genus Paradioxys belongs to the tribe Dioxyini within the subfamily Megachilinae . This tribe contains eight genera, including Aglaoapis with 3 species, and Dioxys with 15 species. Paradioxys and Dioxys are very closely related. The types of dioxyini are all breeding parasites. In contrast to the other cuckoo bees, the sting and sting apparatus of the dioxyini is largely reduced. Anthidini and Dioxini are believed to be sister groups.

In the German bee literature, the genera Dioxys , Aglaoapis and Paradioxys are sometimes not differentiated. According to Michener, however, they clearly differ, e.g. B. in the structure of the male genitalia, the spine and the female abdomen.

species

Paradioxys pannonica (= Dioxys pannonica ) Pannonian two- toothed bee ; In Austria (Burgenland), also in Hungary, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Asia Minor to Israel.

Paradioxys ruyanensis ; Iran

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Ch. D. Michener : The Bees of the World . 2nd Edition. The Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 2007, p. 538-542 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d E. Scheuchl & W. Willner: Pocket dictionary of the wild bees of Central Europe . Quelle & Meyer, 2016, ISBN 978-3-494-01653-5 , pp. 780 f .
↑ ^a ^b ^c Species of solitary bees: Two-tooth bees (Dioxys). Retrieved April 18, 2020 .
^ P. Westrich: The wild bees of Germany . E. Ulmer Verl., Stuttgart 2018, ISBN 978-3-8186-0123-2 , pp. 188, 625 .
↑ Wildbiene.com | The website about wild bee protection. Retrieved April 20, 2020 .
↑ Paradioxys | Exotic Bee ID. Retrieved April 20, 2020 .
↑ Paradioxys ruyanensis Baker, 1998 - Discover Life. Retrieved April 20, 2020 .

[:0-1] Ch. D. Michener : The Bees of the World . 2nd Edition. The Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 2007, p. 538-542 .

[:2-2] E. Scheuchl & W. Willner: Pocket dictionary of the wild bees of Central Europe . Quelle & Meyer, 2016, ISBN 978-3-494-01653-5 , pp. 780 f .

[:3-3] Species of solitary bees: Two-tooth bees (Dioxys). Retrieved April 18, 2020 .

[:1-4] P. Westrich: The wild bees of Germany . E. Ulmer Verl., Stuttgart 2018, ISBN 978-3-8186-0123-2 , pp. 188, 625 .

[5] Wildbiene.com | The website about wild bee protection. Retrieved April 20, 2020 .

[6] Paradioxys | Exotic Bee ID. Retrieved April 20, 2020 .

[7] Paradioxys ruyanensis Baker, 1998 - Discover Life. Retrieved April 20, 2020 .