Pennalism

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Pennalism (also Pennalwesen ; from Latin penna "feather") referred to an employment relationship between younger and older students in the student country teams in the 16th and 17th centuries.

The newly enrolled students, called Pennale , were also put under massive pressure by the country teams to join a country team based on their regional origin. The pennals had to serve the older semesters for a year and also pay taxes.

The heyday of Pennalism coincided with the Thirty Years War . It was largely restricted to Protestant universities, with Rostock and Jena as strongholds .

Pennalism could only be suppressed at most Protestant universities after a resolution by the Regensburg Reichstag in 1654.

In the 18th century the relationship was changed to “ fox ” and “ boy ”.

See also

literature

  • Matthias Hensel (ed.): Pennalism. A phenomenon of Protestant universities in the 17th century (= sources on the history of Protestant education. Vol. 6). Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2014, ISBN 978-3-374-03760-5
  • Marian Füssel : Rites of Violence. On the history of academic deposition and Pennalism in the early modern period. In: Journal for Historical Research. Vol. 32, 2005, ISSN  0340-0174 , pp. 605-648.
  • Thomas Kossert (Ed.): Universities in the Thirty Years' War (= military and society in the early modern times. Vol. 15, Issue 1). Universitätsverlag Potsdam, Potsdam 2011, ISBN 978-3-86956-152-3 .
  • Jule Lieber / Augustiner-Verein eV Grimma (ed.): “To be anvil or hammer - we were victims and perpetrators!” - What remains of Pennalism at today's St. Augustin high school in Grimma during the GDR era. Beucha 2008, ISBN 978-3-86729-030-2
  • Christian Schöttgen : History of the Pennal essence that was formerly in use at universities. Harpeter, Dresden 1747, digitized .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Marian Füssel: Academic moral decline? In: Thomas Kossert (Ed.): Universities in the Thirty Years War. ( Military and Society in the Early Modern Era , Volume 15, Issue 1). Universitätsverlag, Potsdam 2011. pp. 124–146. Here p. 131.
  2. ↑ Marian Füssel: Academic moral decline? In: Thomas Kossert (Ed.): Universities in the Thirty Years War. ( Military and Society in the Early Modern Era , Volume 15, Issue 1). Universitätsverlag, Potsdam 2011. pp. 124–146. Here p. 144.