Rams

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Rams
Sable antelope

Sable antelope

Systematics
Order : Artiodactyla (Artiodactyla)
Subordination : Ruminants (ruminantia)
without rank: Forehead weapon bearer (Pecora)
Family : Horned Bearers (Bovidae)
Subfamily : Antilopinae
Tribe : Rams
Scientific name
Hippotragini
Sundevall in Retzius & Lovén , 1845

The horse rams (Hippotragini) are a tribe of the horned family . These antelopes are common in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula .

Many species have a horse-like build, but the name comes from the mane-like hair on the neck. Both sexes always have very long horns that can either be straight or curved. With the exception of the sable antelope, there is no distinctive sexual dimorphism , the sexes are approximately the same size and color.

Roan antelopes have adapted to dry habitats like no other group of hornbears, they inhabit savannas, semi-deserts and deserts. All species are grass-eaters, which are adapted to this food with high-crowned teeth.

These animals are severely affected by human hunting. One of the ten species, the bluebock, became extinct; three more - the mendes and two of the oryx - are highly endangered.

Genera and species

Internal system of the rams according to Themudo & Campus 2018
  Hippotragini  

  Addax  

 Addax nasomaculatus


  Oryx  


 Oryx beisa


   

 Oryx dammah


   

 Oryx leucoryx




   

 Oryx Gazella




  Hippotragus  

 Hippotragus equinus


   

 (†) Hippotragus leucophaeus


   

 Hippotragus niger





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The following genera and species are distinguished:

  • Tribus Hippotragini Sundevall in Retzius & Lovén, 1845
  • Genus Addax Laurillard , 1842

The tribe of the Hippotragini was scientifically introduced by Carl Jakob Sundevall in 1845 under the name Hippotragina. In some cases, the giant sable antelope ( H. n. Variani ) is also considered an independent species. According to genetic studies, four units can be identified within the sable antelope, which in addition to the actual sable antelope, the East African sable antelope and the giant sable antelope also include a population in Zambia and corresponds to the subspecies H. n. kirkii . A fifth independent line that has not yet been defined in detail may exist in western Tanzania.

literature

  • Colin Groves and Peter Grubb: Ungulate Taxonomy. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2011, pp. 1–317 (SS 108–280)
  • Colin P. Groves and David M. Leslie Jr .: Family Bovidae (Hollow-horned Ruminants). In: Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier (eds.): Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 2: Hooved Mammals. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2011, ISBN 978-84-96553-77-4 , pp. 444-779
  • Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder (Eds.): Mammal Species of the World . 3rd edition. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gonçalo Espreguira Themudo and Paula F. Campos: Phylogenetic position of the extinct blue antelope, Hippotragus leucophaeus (Pallas, 1766) (Bovidae: Hippotraginae), based on complete mitochondrial genomes. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 182, 2018, pp. 225-235
  2. ↑ Colin Groves and Peter Grubb: Ungulate Taxonomy. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2011, pp. 198-199
  3. ↑ Colin Peter Groves and David M. Leslie Jr .: Family Bovidae (Hollow-horned Ruminants). In: Don E. Wilson and Russell A. Mittermeier (eds.): Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Volume 2: Hooved Mammals. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2011, ISBN 978-84-96553-77-4 , pp. 444-779 (p. 685)
  4. ↑ Anders Adolf Retzius and Sven Lovén: Report by Retzius and Lovén about Sundevall's treatise, titled: Methodical overview of the ruminating animals. In: Christian Friedrich Hornschuch: Archive of Scandinavian contributions to natural history. Volume 1, 1845 ( digitized version )
  5. ↑ Bettine Jansen van Vuuren, Terence J. Robinson, Pedro VazPinto, Richard Estes and Conrad A. Matthee: Western Zambian sable: Are they a Geographic Extension of the Giant sable Antelope? South African Journal of Wildlife Research 40 (1), 2010, pp. 35-42
  6. ↑ Gonçalo Espregueira Themudo, Ana C. Rufino and Paula F. Campos: Complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the endangered giant sable antelope (Hippotragus niger variani): Insights into conservation and taxonomy. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 83, 2015, pp. 242-249
  7. ↑ Klaus-Peter Koepfli, Gaik Tamazian, David Wildt, Pavel Dobrynin, Changhoon Kim, Paul B. Frandsen, Raquel Godinho, Andrey A. Yurchenko, Aleksey Komissarov, Ksenia Krasheninnikova, Sergei Kliver, Sofia Kolchanova, Margarida Gonçalves, Miguel Carneiro, Pedro Vaz Pinto, Nuno Ferrand, Jesús E. Maldonado, Gina M. Ferrie, Leona Chemnick, Oliver A. Ryder, Warren E. Johnson, Pierre Comizzoli, Stephen J. O'Brien and Budhan S. Pukazhenthi: Whole Genome Sequencing and Re- sequencing of the Sable Antelope (Hippotragus niger): A Resource for Monitoring Diversity inex Situand in Situ Populations. Genes, Genomes, Genetics 9, 2019, pp. 1785-1793

Web links

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