Phase structure

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The term phase structure is used in sports science for the description and diagnostic assessment of individual sections of a movement sequence .

A distinction must be made between the phase structure of the two fundamentally possible forms of a movement sequence:

Cyclical movement

Similar partial movements are repeated here (e.g. running , swimming ). The sequence of movements can be roughly divided into two sections. The most important section (when running up and down) is called the main phase. The intermediate phase lies between two main phases.

Acyclic movement

The athlete achieves his goal with a single movement (e.g. throwing, breaking test in martial arts). The order of the individual movement sections is not reversible. The movement is divided into three phases, the "preparatory, main and final phases". Each movement segment is necessary for the overall process. In the main phase, the actual goal is achieved.

Example: A previous stretching of the muscle can lead to higher muscle tension, so that the initial acceleration of the movement increases: When throwing, the athlete bends the entire body backwards in the preparation phase (pretensioning of the muscles) and thus optimizes the conditions for performing the subsequent main phase. It is the essential part of the entire sequence of movements (throwing the ball, performing the striking technique that leads to the breaking of the board). The so-called end phase forms the conclusion of the movement. If the athlete has to adhere to certain rules after the main phase has been completed (prohibition of crossing a line, exact position after the break test), then one speaks of an active final phase, otherwise of a passive one.

Cyclical and acyclical motion sequences can occur in combination in a sport (e.g. football ).

literature

  • Georg Neumann, Arndt Pfützner, Kuno Hottenrott: The big book of the triathlon. Meyer & Meyer Verlag, Aachen 2004, ISBN 978-3-89899-595-5 .
  • Arne Güllich, Michael Krüger (Ed.): Sport. The textbook for sports studies, Springer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2013, ISBN 978-3-642-37545-3 .
  • Jörn Meyer: Sport in upper secondary school. Meyer & Meyer Verlag, Aachen 2017, ISBN 978-3-8403-7515-6 .
  • Georg Neumann, Kuno Hottenrott: The big book of running. 3rd edition, Meyer & Meyer Verlag, Aachen 2002, ISBN 978-3-89899-924-3 .

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